Substituted polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl uracils useful for selective inhibition of the coagulation cascade

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to substituted polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl uracil compounds useful as inhibitors of serine proteases of the coagulation cascade and compounds, compositions and methods for anticoagulant therapy for the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombotic conditions including coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority from Provisional Application Serial No. 60/134,957 filed on May 19, 1999, now abandoned, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention is in the field of anticoagulant therapy, and specifically relates to compounds, compositions and methods for preventing and treating thrombotic conditions such as coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease. More particularly, the invention relates to substituted polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl uracil compounds that inhibit serine proteases of the coagulation cascade.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Physiological systems control the fluidity of blood in mammals [Majerus, P. W. et al: Anticoagulant, Thrombolytic, and Antiplplatelet Drugs. In Hardman, J. G. and Limbird, L. E., editors: Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th edition. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1996, pp. 1341-1343]. Blood must remain fluid within the vascular systems and yet be able to undergo hemostasis, cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, quickly. Hemostasis or clotting begins when platelets first adhere to macromolecules in subendothelian regions of an injured and/or damaged vessels. These platelets aggregate to form the primary hemostatic plug and stimulate local activation of plasma coagulation factors leading to generation of a fibrin clot that reinforces the aggregated platelets.

Plasma coagulation factors include factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII; these are also called protease zymogens. These coagulation factors or protease zymogens are activated by serine proteases leading to coagulation in a so called “coagulation cascade” or chain reaction [Handin, R. I.: Bleeding and Thrombosis. In Wilson, J., et al. editors: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 12th Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1991, p.350]. Coagulation or clotting occurs in two ways through different pathways. An intrinsic or contact pathway leads from XII to XIIa to XIa to IXa and to the conversion of X to Xa. Xa with factor Va converts prothrombin (II) to thrombin (IIa) leading to conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Polymerization of fibrin leads to a fibrin clot. An extrinsic pathway is initiated by the conversion of coagulation factor VII to VIIa by Xa. The presence of Tissue Factor and VIIa accelerates formation of Xa in the presence of calcium ion and phospholipids. Formation of Xa leads to thrombin, fibrin, and a fibrin clot as described above. The presence of one or more of these many different coagulation factors and two distinct pathways of clotting could enable the efficacious, selective control and better understanding of parts of the coagulation or clotting process.

While clotting as a result of an injury to a blood vessel is a critical physiological process for mammals such as man, clotting can also lead to disease states. A pathological process called thrombosis results when platelet aggregation and/or a fibrin clot blocks (i.e., occludes) a blood vessel. Arterial thrombosis may result in ischemic necrosis of the tissue supplied by the artery. When the thrombosis occurs in a coronary artery, a myocardial infarction or heart attack can result. A thrombosis occurring in a vein may cause tissues drained by the vein to become edematous and inflamed. Thrombosis of a deep vein may be complicated by a pulmonary embolism. Preventing or treating clots in a blood vessel may be therapeutically useful by inhibiting formation of blood platelet aggregates, inhibiting formation of fibrin, inhibiting thrombus formation, inhibiting embolus formation, and for treating or preventing unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, atrial fibrillation, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ocular build up of fibrin, and reocclusion or restenosis of recanalized vessels.

There have been several reports of non-peptidic and peptidic uracil compounds that act as an inhibitor of a coagulation factor present in the coagulation cascade or clotting process. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,656,645, Tamura et al. describe 4,5,6substituted-3-aminopyridonyl-acetamides, 1,6-substituted-5-aminouracinylacetamides, and 2,4substituted-5aminopyrimidinonyl-acetamides in which the amide substituents all have a formyl group and which reportedly have activity against thrombin. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,930, Tamura et al. again describe 4,5,6-substituted-3-aminopyridonyl-acetamides, 1,6-substituted-5-aminouracinylacetamides, and 2,4substituted-5amino-pyrimidinonylacetamides in which the amide substituents all have a formyl group and which reportedly have activity against thrombin. In PCT Patent Applications 96/18644 and 97/46207, Tamura et al. further describe 4,5,6-substituted-3-aminopyridonylacetamides, 1,6-substituted-5-aminouracinyl-acetamides, and 2,4-substituted-5-amino-pyrimidinonylacetamides in which the amide substituents all have a formyl group and which reportedly have activity against thrombin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide compounds that are beneficial in anticoagulant therapy and that have a general structure:

It is another object of the present invention to provide methods for preventing and treating thrombotic conditions, such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other coagulation related disorders. Such thrombotic conditions are prevented and treated by administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of compounds of Formula (I).

Various other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a class of compounds comprising Substituted Polycyclic Aryl and Heteroaryl uracils, which are beneficial in anticoagulant therapy for the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombotic conditions including coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease, as given in Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

J^(a) and J^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting of O and S;

J^(a) is optionally selected from the group consisting of CH—R⁶ and N—R⁶ wherein R⁶ is a linear spacer moiety having from 1 through 4 contiguous atoms linked to the point of bonding of a substituent selected from the group consisting of R^(4a), R^(4b), R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R³⁹, R⁴⁰, and R⁵ to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members;

J^(b) is optionally selected from the group consisting of CH—R⁶ and N—R⁶ wherein R⁶ is a linear spacer moiety having from 1 through 4 contiguous atoms linked to the point of bonding of a substituent selected from the group consisting of R₁, R^(4a), R^(4b), R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members;

J^(a) and J^(b) are optionally independently selected from the group consisting of CH—R⁶ and N—R⁶ wherein R⁶ is a linear spacer moiety having from 1 through 4 contiguous atoms linked to the points of bonding of both R^(4a) and R^(4b) to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members;

J^(a) optionally selected from the group consisting of CH—R⁶ and N—R⁶ wherein R⁶ is a linear spacer moiety having from 1 through 4 contiguous atoms linked to the points of bonding of both R³⁹ and R⁴⁰ to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members;

B is formula (V):

wherein

D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is O, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is S, one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ must be a covalent bond when two of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K are O and S, and no more than four of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are N with the proviso that R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹, R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, carboxy, heteroaralkylthio, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylalkyl, acylalkoxy, aryloylalkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heterocyclyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino. alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamnino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl arnidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heterocyclylthio, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamnino, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, alkoxycarboxamido, alkylamidocarbonylarnido, arylamidocarbonylamido, carboalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkenyl, carboxy, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl;

R¹⁶, R¹⁹, R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

R³² and R³³, R³³ and R³⁴, R³⁴ , and R³⁵, and R³⁵ and R³⁶ are independently optionally selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bondino of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R³² and R³³, R³³ and R³⁴, R³⁴ and R³⁵ and R³⁵ and R³⁶ are used at the same time;

R⁹ and R¹⁰, R¹⁰ and R¹¹, R¹¹ and R¹², and R¹² and R¹³ are independently optionally selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R⁹ and R¹⁰, R¹¹ and R¹¹, and R¹², and R¹² and R¹³ are used at the same time;

B is optionally formula (VI):

wherein

D³, D⁴, J³, and J⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, and S, no more than one of D³, D⁴, J³, and J⁴ is O, no more than one of D³, D⁴, J³, and J⁴ is S, and no more than three of D¹, D², J¹, and J² are N with the proviso that R³², R³³, R³⁴, and R³⁵ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trialkylsilyl, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkylenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, C2-C8 haloalkyl, and C3-C8 haloalkenyl wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅, and R₃₆;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of C3-C15 cycloalkyl, C5-C10 -cycloalkenyl, C4-C12 saturated heterocyclyl, and C4-C9 partially saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R³³, a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R⁹or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the ^(R9) position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹², a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹⁰ position is optionally substituted with R¹¹, a ring carbon or nitrogen atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹² position is optionally substituted with R³³, and a ring carbon or nitrogen four atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹¹ and R³³ positions is optionally substituted with R³⁴;

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, (W⁷)_(rr)—(CH(R¹⁵))_(pa) and(CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W⁷ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)S, C(S)O, C(O)N(R⁷), C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), (R⁷)NC(S), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷), (R⁷)NS(O)₂, Se(O), Se(O)₂, Se(O)₂N(R⁷), (R⁷)NSe(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), C(NR⁷)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(NR⁷), (R⁷)NC(NR⁷)NR⁷, and N(R⁷) with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of rr and pa is 0 at the same time;

R⁷and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, arylthio, arylamino, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkoxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, , aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylamino, heteroaralkyl, heteroaralkyloxy, heteroaralkylamino, and heteroaryloxyalkyl;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R³⁷, R³⁸, R³⁹, R⁴⁰, R⁴¹ and R⁴² are independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, hydroxyamino, hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, sulfhydryl, acylamido, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkylalkoxy, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxythioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsufonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, carboxamidoalkyl, carboaralkoxy, trialkylsilyl, dialkoxyphosphono, diaralkoxyphosphono, dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl with the proviso that R³⁷ and R³⁸ are independently selected from other than formyl;

R¹⁴ and R¹⁴, when bonded to different carbons, are optionally taken together to form a group selected from the group consisting of covalent bond, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer selected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;

R¹⁴ and R¹⁵, when bonded to different carbons, are optionally taken together to form a group selected from the group consisting of covalent bond, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer selected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁵, when bonded to different carbons, are optionally taken together to form a group selected from the group consisting of covalent bond, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer selected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;

Ψ is selected from the group consisting of NR⁵, O, C(O), C(S), S, S(O), S(O)₂, ON(R⁵), P(O)(R⁸), and CR³⁹R⁴⁰;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, aralkoxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, aralkoxyallkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, monocarboalkoxyalkyl, monocarboalkoxy, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, monocarboxamido, monocyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboalkoxycyanoalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, and dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl;

R³⁹and R⁴⁰, when bonded to the same carbon, are optionally taken together to form a group selected from a group consisting of oxo, thiono, R⁵—N, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R² and R¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of Z⁰—Q, hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, and halo;

R¹ is optionally selected from the group consisting of amino, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, amidino, guanidino, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyamino, thiol, alkylthio, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, heteroarylamino, nitro, arylamino, aralkylamino, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, cyano, and phosphono;

R² is optionally selected from the group consisting of amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, heteroarylamino, amino, nitro, alkyl amino, arylamino, aralkylamino, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, cyano, and phosphono;

R²and R^(4a), R² and R^(4b), R² and R¹⁴, and R² and R¹⁵ are optionally independently selected to form spacer pairs wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 2 through 5 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members with the proviso that no more than one of the group of spacer pairs consisting of R² and R^(4a), R² and R^(4b), R² and R¹⁴, and R² and R¹⁵ is used at the same time;

R² is optionally independently selected to form a linear moiety having from 2 through 5 contiguous atoms linked to the points of bonding of both R^(4a) and R^(4b) to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, (CR⁴¹R⁴²)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 6, (CH(R⁴¹))_(g)—W⁰—(CH(R⁴²))_(p) wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W⁰ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(O), C(S)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(S), OC(O)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(S)O, N(R⁴²)C(O)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(O)N(R⁴²), N(R⁴²)C(S)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(S)N(R⁴²), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁴¹), N(R⁴¹)S(O)₂, Se, Se(O), Se(O)₂, Se(O)₂N(R⁴¹), N(R⁴¹)Se(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R⁴¹), ON(R⁴¹), and SiR²⁸R²⁹, and (CH(R⁴¹))_(e)—W²²—(CH(R⁴²))_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W²² is selected from the group consisting of CR⁴¹═CR⁴², CR⁴¹R⁴²═C; vinylidene), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, and 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, with the provisos that R⁴¹ and R⁴² are selected from other than halo and cyano when directly bonded to N and Z⁰ is directly bonded to the uracil ring;

R²⁸ and R²⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, acyl, aroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaroyl, aralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, perhaloaryl, perhaloaralkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, cyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboxamidoalkyl, dicarboxamidoalkyl, cyanocarboalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkyl, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, cyanocycloalkyl, dicyanocycloalkyl, carboxamidocycloalkyl, dicarboxamidocycloalkyl, carboalkoxycyanocycloalkyl, carboalkoxycycloalkyl, dicarboalkoxycycloalkyl, formylalkyl, acylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsufonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, carboxy, dialkoxyphosphono, diaralkoxyphosphono, dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl;

R²⁸ and R²⁹ are optionally taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms and forming a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;

Q is formula (II):

wherein

D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ can be O, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ can be S, one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ must be a covalent bond when two of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are O and S, and no more than four of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ can be N, with the proviso that R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

Q is optionally selected from formula (III):

wherein

D³, D⁴, J³, and J⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, and S, no more than one of D³, D⁴, J³, and J⁴ is O, no more than one of D³, D⁴, J³, and J⁴ is S, and no more than three of D¹, D², J¹, and J² are N with the proviso that R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹² are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

Q is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkenyl, alkynyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, and halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl with the proviso that Z⁰ is selected from other than a single covalent bond when Q is hydrido;

K is (CR^(4a)R^(4b))n wherein n is an integer selected from 1 through 4;

R^(4a) and R^(4b) are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, and aralkylsulfonylalkyl with the provisos that halo, hydroxy, and cyano are bonded to different carbons when simultaneously present and that R^(4a) and R^(4b) are other than hydroxy or cyano when bonded to the carbon directly bonded to the uracil nitrogen;

R^(4a) and R^(4b), when bonded to the same carbon, are optionally taken together to form a group selected from the group consisting of oxo, thiono, and a linear spacer moiety having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms connected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having 5 througoh 8 contiguous members with the proviso that R^(4a) and R^(4b) taken together is other than oxo or thiono when the common carbon is directly bonded to the uracil nitrogen;

E⁰ is E¹, when K is (CR^(4a)R^(4b))_(n), wherein E¹ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S), OC(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)O, N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)N(R⁸), N(R⁸)C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)N(R⁸), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷), N(R⁷)S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷)C(O), C(O)N(R⁷)S(O)₂, Se, Se(O), Se(O)₂, Se(O)₂N(R⁷), N(R⁷)Se(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R⁷), ON(R⁷), SiR²⁸R²⁹, CR^(4a)═CR^(4b), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), and C═CR^(4a)R^(4b);

K is optionally selected to be (CH(R¹⁴))_(j)—T wherein j is selected from a integer from 0 through 3 and T is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, O, S, and N(R⁷) with the provisos that R¹⁴ is other than hydroxy, cyano, halo, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and sulfhydryl when j is 1 and that (CH(R¹⁴))_(j) is bonded to the uracil ring;

E⁰ is optionally E², when K is (CH(R¹⁴))_(j)—T, wherein E² is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S), (R⁷)NC(O)O, (R⁷)NC(S)S, (R⁷)NC(O)S, (R⁷)NC(S)O, N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)N(R⁸), N(R⁸)C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)N(R⁸) S(O) S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷), N(R⁷)S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(H)C(O), C(O)N(H)S(O)₂, Se(O), Se(O)₂, Se(O)₂N(R⁷), N(R⁷)Se(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), and N(R⁷)

K is optionally selected to be G—(CH(R¹⁵))_(k) wherein k is selected from an integer from 1 through 3 and G is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N(R⁷) with the proviso that R¹⁵ is other than hydroxy, cyano, halo, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and sulfhydryl when k is 1;

E⁰ is optionally E³ when K is G—(CH(R¹⁵))_(k) wherein E³ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S), OC(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)O, N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)N(R⁸), N(R⁸)C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)N(R⁸), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷), N(R⁷)S(O)₂, Se, Se(O), Se(O)₂, Se(O)₂N(R⁷), N(R⁷)Se(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸ )N(R⁷), N(R⁷), ON(R⁷), SiR²⁸R²⁹, CR^(4a)═CR^(4b), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), and C═CR^(4a)R^(4b);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is independently selected from the group consisting of C and N⁺, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are O and S, no more than three of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N when K² is N⁺, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N when K² is carbon with the provisos that R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently optionally taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl having from 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl;

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently optionally taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl having from 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl;

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, ⁺NR²⁰R²¹R²², oxy, alkyl, aminoalkylenyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, acylamino and Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido and R²⁰, R²¹, and R²² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amino, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aminoalkylenyl,alkylamino, dialkylamino, and hydroxyalkyl with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰, R²¹, and R²² is hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino at the same time and that R²⁰, R²¹, and R²² must be other than be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino when K² is N⁺;

R²⁰ and R²¹, R²⁰ and R²², and R²¹ and R²² are independently optionally selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 4 through 7 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R²⁰ and R²¹, R²⁰ and R²², and R²¹ and R²² is used at the same time;

Q^(b) is optionally selected from the group consisting of N(R²⁶)SO₂N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)C(O)OR⁵, N(R²⁶)C(O)SR⁵, N(R²⁶)C(S)OR⁵ and N(R²⁶)C(S)SR⁵ with the proviso that no more than one of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkyleneamino, alkylamino, amino, or dialkylamino when two of the group consisting of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ are bonded to the same atom;

Q^(b) is optionally selected from the group consisting of dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)C(O)N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)C(S)N(R²³)(R²⁴), C(NR²⁵)OR⁵, C(O)N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), C(S)N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), ON(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)N(R²⁶)SO₂N(R²³)(R²⁴), C(NR²⁵)SR⁵, C(O)NR²³R²⁴, and C(O)NR²³R²⁴ with the provisos that no more than one of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, or dialkylamino when any two of the group consisting of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ are bonded to the same atom and that said Q^(b) group is bonded directly to a carbon atom;

R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylenylamino, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and hydroxyalkyl;

R²³ and R²⁴ are optionally taken together to form a linear spacer moiety having from 4 through 7 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 continuous members;

R²³ and R²⁵, R²⁴ and R²⁵, R²⁵ and R²⁶, R²⁴ and R²⁶, and R²³ and R²⁶ are independently optionally selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together from the points of bonding of selected spacer pair members to form the group L—U—V wherein L, U, and V are independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(J_(H))₂ S(O), SO₂, OP(OR³¹)R³⁰, P(O)R³⁰,P(S)R³⁰,C(R³⁰)R³¹, C═C(R³⁰)R³¹,(O)₂POP(O)₂, R³⁰(O)POP(O)R³⁰, Si(R²⁹)R²⁸, Si(R²⁹)R²⁸Si(R²⁹)R²⁸, Si(R²⁹)R²⁸OSi(R²⁹)R²⁸, (R²⁸)R²⁹COC(R²⁸)R²⁹, (R²⁸)R²⁸CSC(R²⁸)R C(O)C(R³⁰)═C(R³¹), C(S)C(R³⁰)═C(R³¹), S(O)C(R³⁰)═C(R³¹), SO₂C(R³⁰)═C(R³¹), PR³⁰C(R³⁰)═C(R³¹), P(O)R³⁰C(R³⁰)═C(R³¹), P(S)R³⁰C(R³⁰)═C(R³¹), DC(R³⁰)(R³¹)D, OP(OR³¹)R³⁰, P(O)R³⁰, P(S)R³⁰, Si(R²⁸)R²⁹ and N(R³⁰), and a covalent bond with the proviso that no more than any two of L, U and V are simultaneously covalent bonds and the heterocyclyl comprised of by L, U, and V has from 5 through 10 contiguous member;

D is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, C═O, C═S, S(O)_(m) wherein m is an integer selected from 0 through 2;

J_(H) is independently selected from the group consisting of OR²⁷, SR²⁷ and N(R²⁰)R²¹;

R²⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, perhaloaryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsufonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl and aralkylsulfonylalkyl;

R³⁰ and R³¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, thiol, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxythioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloaralkylsulfinylalkyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, cyanoalkyl, dicyanoalkyl, carboxamidoalkyl, dicarboxamidoalkyl, cyanocarboalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkyl, dicarboalkoxyalkyl, cyanocycloalkyl, dicyanocycloalkyl, carboxamidocycloalkyl, dicarboxamidocycloalkyl, carboalkoxycyanocycloalkyl, carboalkoxycycloalkyl, dicarboalkoxycycloalkyl, formylalkyl, acylalkyl, dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl, phosphonoalkyl, dialkoxyphosphonoalkoxy, diaralkoxyphosphonoalkoxy, phosphonoalkoxy, dialkoxyphosphonoalkylamino, diaralkoxyphosphonoalkylamino, phosphonoalkylamino, dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl, sulfonylalkyl, alkoxysulfonylalkyl, aralkoxysulfonylalkyl, alkoxysulfonylalkoxy, aralkoxysulfonylalkoxy, sulfonyl alkoxy, alkoxysulfonylalkylamino, aralkoxysulfonylalkylamino, and sulfonylalkylamino;

R³⁰ and R³¹ are optionally taken to form a linear moiety spacer group having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocykyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members; heterocyclyl ring, having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;

R²³ and R²⁵, R²⁴ and R²⁵, R²⁵ and R²⁶, R²⁴ and R²⁶, and R²³ and R²⁶ are independently optionally selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together from the points of bonding of selected spacer pair members to form the group L—U—V wherein L, U, and V are independently selected from the group of 1,2-disubstituted radicals consisting of a cycloalkyl radical, a cycloalkenyl radical wherein cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl radicals are substituted with one or more groups selected from R³⁰ and R³¹, an aryl radical, an heteroaryl radical, a saturated heterocyclic radical and a partially saturated heterocyclic radical wherein said 1,2-substitutents are independently selected from C═O, C═S, C(R²⁸)R³², S(O), S(O)₂, OP(OR³¹)R³⁰, P(O)R³⁰, P(S)R³⁰ and Si(R²⁸)R²⁹;

R²³ and R²⁵, R²⁴ and R²⁵, R²⁵, and R²⁶, and R²⁴ and R²⁶, and R²³ and R²⁶ are independently optionally selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together from the points of bonding of selected spacer pair members to form the group L—U—V wherein L, U, and V are independently selected from the group of radicals consisting of 1,2-disubstituted alkylene radicals and 1,2-disubstituted alkenylene radical wherein said 1,2-substitutents are independently selected from C═O, C═S, C(R²⁸)R²⁹, S(O), S(O)₂, OP(OR³¹)R³⁰, P(O)R³⁰, P(S)R³⁰, and Si(R²⁸)R²⁹ and said alkylene and alkenylene radical are substituted with one or more R³⁰ or R³¹ substituents;

Q^(s) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b)—(W⁰)_(az) wherein az is an integer selected from 0 through 1, b is an integer selected from 1 through 4, and W⁰ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S), OC(O)N(R¹⁴), SC(S)N(R¹⁴), SC(O)N(R¹⁴),OC(S)N(R¹⁴),N(R¹⁵)C(O)N(R¹⁴),(R¹⁴)NC(O)N(R¹⁵), N(R¹⁵)C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)N(R¹⁵), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, Se, Se(O), Se(O)₂, Se(O)₂N(R¹⁷), N(R¹⁴)Se(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R¹⁴), ON(R¹⁴), and SiR²⁹R²⁹, (CH(R¹⁴))_(c)—W¹—(CH(R^(15r)))_(d) wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 4, and W¹ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S), OC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)O, N(R¹⁵)C(O)N(R¹⁴),(R¹⁴)NC(O)N(R¹⁵),N(R¹⁵)C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)N(R¹⁵), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, Se, Se(O), Se(O)₂, Se(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)Se(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R¹⁴), ON(R¹⁴), SiR²⁸R²⁹, and (CH(R¹⁴))_(e)—W²²—(CH(R¹⁵))_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W²² is selected from the group consisting of CR⁴¹═CR⁴², CR⁴¹R⁴²═C; vinylidene), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl. 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, and 3,4tetrahydrofuranyl, with the provisos that R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are selected from other than halo and cyano when directly bonded to N and that (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b), (CH(R¹⁴))_(c), (CH(R¹⁴))_(e) and are bonded to E⁰;

R³⁷and R³⁷, when bonded to different carbons, are optionally taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 1 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;

R³⁷ and R³⁸, when bonded to different carbons, are taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 1 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;

R³⁸ and R³⁸, when bonded to different carbons, are taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 1 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;

R³⁷ and R³⁸, when bonded to the same carbon, are taken together to form a group selected from a group consisting of oxo, thiono, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ss) wherein Q^(ss) is selected from the group consisting of (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(f) wherein f is an integer selected from 1 through 6, (CH(R¹⁴))_(c)—W¹—CH(R¹⁵))_(d) wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 4, and W¹ is selected from the group consisting of W¹ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S), OC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)O, N(R¹⁵)C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)N(R¹⁵), N(R¹⁵)C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)N(R¹⁵), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, Se, Se(O), Se(O)₂, Se(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)Se(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R¹⁴), ON(R¹⁴), SiR²⁸R²⁹, and (CH(R¹⁴))_(e)—W²—(CH(R¹⁵)_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W² is selected from the group consisting of CR^(4a)═CR^(4b), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), and C═CR^(4a)R^(4b) with the provisos that R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are selected from other than halo and cyano when directly bonded to N, that (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(f), (CH(R¹⁵))_(c), and (CH(R¹⁵))_(e) are bonded to E⁰, and Q^(b) is selected from other than N(R²⁶ )N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴) or ON(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴) when Q^(ss) is (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(f) wherein f is other than the integer 1;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(sss) wherein Q^(sss) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W³, r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, W³ is selected from the group consisting of 1,1-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,1-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 1,4-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,5-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 3,5-piperidinyl, 3,6-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2H-2,3-pyranyl, 2H-2,4-pyranyl, 2H-2,5-pyranyl, 4H-2,3-pyranyl, 4H-2,4-pyranyl, 4H-2,5-pyranyl, 2H-pyran-2-one-3,4-yl, 2H-pyran-2-one-4,5-yl, 4H-pyran-4-one-2,3-yl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,3-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,5-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,4-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,3-tetrahydropyranyl, 3,4-tetrahydropyranyl, and 3,5-tetrahydropyranyl, and each carbon and hyrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W³ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the proviso that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰ and Q^(b) is bonded to lowest numbered substituent position of each W³;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(sssr) wherein Q^(sssr) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁴, r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, W⁴ is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 1,4-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,5-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-pipendinyl, 3,5-piperidinyl, 3,6-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2H-2,3-pyranyl, 2H-2,4-pyranyl, 2H-2,5-pyranyl, 4H-2,3-pyranyl, 4H-2,4-pyranyl, 4H-2,5-pyranyl, 2H-pyran-2-one-3,4-yl, 2H-pyran-2-one-4,5-yl, 4H-pyran-4-one-2,3-yl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3,4tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,3-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,4-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,5-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,6-tetrahydropyranyl, 3,4-tetrahydropyranyl, and 3,5-tetrahydropyranyl, and each carbon and hydrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁴ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the provisos that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰ and Q^(b) is bonded to highest number substituent position of each W⁴;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ssss) wherein Q^(ssss) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁵, r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, W⁵ is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-benzothiophenyl, 3,4-benzothiophenyl, 3,5-benzothiophenyl, 3,6-benzothiophenyl, 3,7-benzothiophenyl, 2,4-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,5-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,6-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,4-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,5-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,6-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,4indolyl, 2,5-indolyl, 2,6-indolyl, 2,7-indolyl, 3,4-indolyl, 3,5-indolyl, 3,6-indolyl, 3,7-indolyl, 1,4-isoindolyl, 1,5-isoindolyl, 1,6-isoindolyl, 2,4-isoindolyl, 2,5-isoindolyl, 2,6-isoindolyl, 2,7-isoindolyl, 1,3-isoindolyl, 3,4-indazolyl, 3,5-indazolyl, 3,6-indazolyl, 3,7-indazolyl, 2,4-benzoxazolyl, 2,5-benzoxazolyl. 2,6-benzoxazolyl, 2,7-benzoxazolyl, 3,4-benzisoxazolyl, 3,5-benzisoxazolyl, 3,6-benzisoxazolyl, 3,7-benzisoxazolyi, 1,4-naphthyl, 1,5-naphthyl, 1,6-naphthyl, 1,7-naphthyl, 1,8-naphthyl, 2,4-naphthyl, 2,5-naphthyl, 2,6-naphthyl, 2,7-naphthyl, 2,8-naphthyl, 2,4-quinolinyl, 2,5-quinolinyl, 2,6-quinolinyl, 2,7-quinolinyl, 2,8-quinolinyl, 3,4-quinolinyl, 3,5-quinolinyl, 3,6-quinolinyl, 3,7-quinolinyl, 3,8-quinolinyl, 4,5-quinolinyl, 4,6-quinolinyl, 4,7-quinolinyl, 4,8-quinolinyl, 1,4-isoquinolinyl, 1,5-isoquinolinyl, 1,6-isoquinolinyl, 1,7-isoquinolinyl, 1,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-isoquinolinyl, 3,5-isoquinolinyl, 3,6-isoquinolinyl, 3,7-isoquinolinyl, 3,8-isoquinolinyl, 4,5-isoquinolinyl, 4,6-isoquinolinyl, 4,7-isoquinolinyl, 4,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-cinnolinyl, 3,5-cinnolinyl, 3.6-cinnolinyl, 3,7-cinnolinyl, 3,8-cinnolinyl, 4,5-cinnolinyl, 4,6-cinnolinyl, 4,7-cinnolinyl, and 4,8-cinnolinyl, and each carbon and hydrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁵ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the proviso that Q^(b) is bonded to lowest number substituent position of each W⁵ and that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ssssr) wherein Q^(ssssr) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁶, r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, W⁶ is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-benzothiophenyl, 3,4-benzothiophenyl, 3,5-benzothiophenyl, 3,7-benzothiophenyl, 3,7-benzothiophenyl, 2,4-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,5-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,6-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,4-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,5-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,6-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,4-indolyl, 2,5-indolyl, 2,6-indolyl, 2,7-indolyl, 3,4-indolyl, 3,5-indolyl, 3,6-indolyl, 3,7-indolyl, 1,4-isoindolyl, 1,5-isoindolyl, 1,6-isoindolyl, 2,4-isoindolyl, 2,5-isoindolyl, 2,6-isoindolyl, 2,7-isoindolyl, 1,3-isoindolyl, 3,4-indazolyl, 3,5-indazolyl, 3,6-indazolyl, 3,7-indazolyl, 2,4-benzoxazolyl, 2,5-benzoxazolyl, 2,6-benzoxazolyl, 2,7-benzoxazolyl, 3,4-benzisoxazolyi, 3,5-benzisoxazolyl, 3,6-benzisoxazolyl, 3,7-benzisoxazolyl, 1,4-naphthyl, 1,5-naphthyl, 1,6-naphthyl, 1,7-naphthyl, 1,8-naphthyl, 2,4-naphthyl, 2,5-naphthyl, 2,6-naphthyl, 2,7-naphthyl, 2,8-naphthyl, 2,4-quinolinyl, 2,5-quinolinyl, 2,6-quinolinyl, 2,7-quinolinyl, 2,8-quinolinyl, 3,4-quinolinyl, 3,-quinolinyl, 3,6-quinolinyl, 3,7-quinolinyl, 3,8-quinolinyl, 4,5-quinolinyl, 4,6-quinolinyl, 4,7-quinolinyl, 4,8-quinolinyl, 1,4-isoquinolinyl, 1,5-isoquinolinyl, 1,6-isoquinolinyl, 1,7-isoquinolinyl, 1,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-isoquinolinyl, 3,5-isoquinolinyl, 3,6-isoquinolinyl, 3,7-isoquinolinyl, 3,8-isoquinolinyl, 4,5-isoquinolinyl, 4,6-isoquinolinyl, 4,7-isoquinolinyl, 4,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-cinnolinyl, 3,5-cinnolinyl, 3,6-cinnolinyl, 3,7-cinnolinyl, 3,8-cinnolinyl, 4,5-cinnolinyl, 4,6-cinnolinyl, 4,7-cinnolinyl, and 4,8-cinnolinyl, and each carbon and hydrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁶ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the proviso that Q^(b) is bonded to highest number substituent position of each W⁶ and that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰.

In an embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting of O and S;

wherein

D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is O, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is S, one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ must be a covalent bond when two of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are O and S, and no more than four of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are N with the proviso that R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹, R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, carboxy, heteroaralkylthio, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylalkyl, acylalkoxy, aryloylalkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heterocyclyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamnidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heterocyclylthio, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamino, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, alkoxycarboxamido, alkylamidocarbonylamido, arylamidocarbonylamido, carboalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkenyl, carboxy, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl;

R¹⁶, R¹⁹, R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

R³² and R³³, R³³ and R³⁴, R³⁴ and R³⁵, and R³⁵ and R³⁶ are independently optionally selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R³² and R³³, R³³ and R³⁴, R³⁴ and R³⁵, and R³⁵ and R³⁶ can be used at the same time;

R⁹ and R¹⁰, R¹⁰ and R¹¹, R¹¹ and R¹² and R¹² and R¹³ are independently optionally selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl zing having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R⁹ and R¹⁰, R¹⁰ and R¹¹, R¹¹ and R¹², and R¹² and R¹³ can be used at the same time;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trialkylsilyl, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkylenyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, C2-C8 haloalkyl, and C3-C8 haloalkenyl wherein each member of group B may be optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of C3-C15 cycloalkyl, C5-C10-cycloalkenyl, C4-C12 saturated heterocyclyl, and C4-C9 partially saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R³³, a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R⁹ or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R⁹ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹² a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹⁰ position is optionally substituted with R¹¹, a ring carbon or nitrogen atom three from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹² position is optionally substituted with R³³, and a ring carbon or nitrogen four atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹¹ and R³³ positions is optionally substituted with R³⁴;

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, (W⁷)_(rr)—(CH(R¹⁵))_(pa) and (CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W⁷ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)S, C(S)O, C(O)N(R⁷), C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), (R⁷)NC(S), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷), (R⁷)NS(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), C(NR⁷)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(NR⁷), (R⁷)NC(NR⁷)NR⁷, and N(R⁷) with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of rr and pa can be 0 at the same time;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, and alkoxyalkyl;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R³⁷, and R³⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, and carboxamidoalkyl;

R¹⁴ and R³⁸ can be independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, aroyl, and heteroaroyl with the proviso that acyl is selected from other than formyl;

Ψ is selected from the group consisting of NR⁵, O, C(O), C(S), S, S(O), S(O)₂, ON(R⁵), P(O)(R⁸), and CR³⁹R⁴⁰;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, acyl, aroyl, and heteroaroyl;

R³⁹ and R⁴⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, acylamido, alkoxy, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, and carboxamidoalkyl;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R²and R¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of Z⁰—Q, hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, and halo;

R¹ is optionally selected from the group consisting of amino, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, amidino, guanidino, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyamino, thiol, alkylthio, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, heteroarylamino, nitro, arylamino, aralkylamino, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, cyano, and phosphono;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, (CR⁴¹R⁴²)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 6, (CH(R⁴¹))_(g)—W⁰—(CH(R⁴²))_(p) wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W⁰ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(O), C(S)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(S), OC(O)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(S)O, N(R⁴²)C(O)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(O)N(R⁴²), N(R⁴²)C(S)N(R⁴¹), (R⁴¹)NC(S)N(R⁴²), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁴¹), N(R⁴¹)S(O)₂, Se, Se(O), Se(O)₂, Se(O)₂N(R⁴¹), N(R⁴¹)Se(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R⁴¹), ON(R⁴¹), and SiR²⁸R²⁹,and (CH(R⁴¹))_(e)—W²²—(CH(R⁴²))_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W²² is selected from the group consisting of CR⁴¹═CR⁴², CR⁴¹R⁴²═C; vinylidene), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, and 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, with the provisos that R⁴¹ and R⁴² are selected from other than halo and cyano when directly bonded to N and Z⁰ is directly bonded to the uracil ring;

R⁴¹ and R⁴² are independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, hydroxyamino, hydrido, hydroxy, amino, halo, cyano, aryloxy, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkylalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsufonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, and aralkylsulfonylalkyl,

Q is formula (II):

wherein

D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is O, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is S, one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ must be a covalent bond when two of D¹, D², J¹ , J² and K¹ are O and S, and no more than four of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are N, with the proviso that R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

Q is optionally selected from formula (III):

wherein

D³, D⁴, J³, and J⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, and S, no more than one of D³, D⁴, J³, and J⁴ is O, no more than one of D³, D⁴, J³, and J⁴ is S, and no more than three of D¹, D², J¹, and J² are N with the proviso that R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹,and R¹² are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

Q is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkenyl, alkynyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, and halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl with the proviso that Z⁰ is selected from other than a single covalent bond when Q is hydrido:

K is (CR^(4a)R^(4b))_(n) wherein n is an integer selected from 1 through 2;

R^(4a) and R^(4b) are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylthioalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, and cyanoalkyl;

E⁰ is E¹, when K is (CR^(4a)R^(4b))_(n), wherein E¹ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent sinole bond, O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S), OC(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)O, N(R⁷)C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)N(R⁸), N(R⁸)C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)N(R⁸), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷), N(R⁷)S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷)C(O), C(O)N(R⁷)S(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R⁷), ON(R⁷), CR^(4a)═CR^(4b), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), and C═CR^(4a)R^(4b);

K is optionally (CH(R¹⁴))_(j)—T wherein j is selected from a integer from 0 through 2 and T is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, O, S, and N(R⁷) with the proviso that (CH(R¹⁴))_(j) is bonded to the uracil ring;

E⁰ is optionally E², when K is (CH(R¹⁴))_(j)—T, wherein E² is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S), (R⁷)NC(O)O, (R⁷)NC(S)S, (R⁷)NC(O)S, (R⁷)NC(S)O, N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)N(R⁸), N(R⁸)C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)N(R⁸), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷), N(R⁷)S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(H)C(O), C(O)N(H)S(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), and N(R⁷);

K is optionally G—(CH(R¹⁵))_(k) wherein k is selected from an integer from 1 through 2 and G is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N(R⁷) with the proviso that R¹⁵ is other than hydroxy, cyano, halo, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and sulfhydryl when k is 1;

E⁰ is optionally E³ when K is G—(CH(R¹⁵)_(k), wherein E³ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S), OC(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)O, N(R⁸)C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O)N(R⁸), N(R⁸)C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(S)N(R⁸), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R⁷), N(R⁷)S(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)NR⁷), N(R⁷), ON(R⁷), CR^(4a)═CR^(4b), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), and C═CR^(4a)R^(4b);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is independently selected from the group consisting of C and N⁺, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ , and J⁶ are O and S, no more than three of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is N when K² is N⁺, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N when K² is carbon with the provisos that R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are optionally independently taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl having from 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl;

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, ⁺NR²⁰R²¹R²², oxy, alkyl, aminoalkylenyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, acylamino and Q^(be), wherein Q^(be) is hydrido and R²⁰, R²¹, and R²² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amino, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aminoalkylenyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and hydroxyalkyl with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰, R²¹, and R²² is hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino at the same time and that R²⁰, R²¹, and R²² must be other than be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino when K² is N⁺;

R²⁰ and R²¹, R²⁰ and R²², and R²¹ and R²² are independently optionally selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 4 through 7 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R²⁰ and R²¹, R²⁰ and R²², and R²¹ and R²² is used at the same time;

Q^(b) is optionally selected from the group consisting of N(R²⁶)SO₂N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)C(O)OR⁵, N(R²⁶)C(O)SR⁵, N(R²⁶)C(S)OR⁵ and N(R²⁶)C(S)SR⁵ with the proviso that no more than one of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ is hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino when two of the group consisting of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ are bonded to the same atom;

Q^(b) is optionally selected from the group consisting of dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)C(O)N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)C(S)N(R²³)(R²⁴), C(NR²⁵)OR⁵, C(O)N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), C(S)N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), ON(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)N(R²⁶)SO₂N(R²³)(R²⁴), C(NR²⁵)SR⁵, C(O)NR²³R²⁴, and C(O)NR²³R²⁴ with the provisos that no more than one of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylaminol, amino, or dialkylamino when two of the group consisting of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ are bonded to the same atom and that said Q^(b) group is bonded directly to a carbon atom;

R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aminoalkylenyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, amino, and hydroxyalkyl;

R²³ and R²⁴ are optionally taken together to form a linear spacer moiety having from 4 through 7 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members;

Q^(s) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b)—(W⁰)_(az) wherein az is an integer selected from 0 through 1, b is an integer selected from 1 through 4, and W⁰ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S), OC(O)N(R¹⁴), SC(S)N(R¹⁴), SC(O)N(R¹⁴), OC(S)N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁵)C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)N(R¹⁵), N(R¹⁵)C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)N(R¹⁵), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R¹⁴), ON(R¹⁴), (CH(R¹⁴))_(c)—W¹—(CH(R¹⁵))_(d) wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 4, and W¹ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S), OC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)O, N(R¹⁵)C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)N(R¹⁵), N(R¹⁵)C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)N(R¹⁵), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R¹⁴), ON(R¹⁴), and (CH(R¹⁴))_(e)—W²²—(CH(R¹⁵)_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W is selected from the group consisting of CR⁴¹═CR⁴², CR⁴¹R⁴²═C; vinylidene), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, and 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, with the provisos that R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are selected from other than halo and cyano when directly bonded to N and that (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b), (CH(R¹⁴))_(c), (CH(R¹⁴))_(e) and are bonded to E⁰;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ss) wherein Q^(ss) is selected from the group consisting of (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(f) wherein f is an integer selected from 1 through 6, (CH(R¹⁴))_(c)—W¹—(CH(R¹⁵))_(d) wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 4, and W¹ is selected from the group consisting of W¹ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S), OC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)O, N(R¹⁵)C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)N(R¹⁵), N(R¹⁵)C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)N(R¹⁵), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R¹⁴), ON(R¹⁴), and (CH(R¹⁴))_(e)—W²—(CH(R¹⁵))_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W² is selected from the group consisting of CR^(4a)═CR^(4b), ethynylidene (C═C; 1,2-ethynyl), and C═CR^(4a)R^(4b) with the provisos that R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are selected from other than halo and cyano when directly bonded to N and that (CR³⁷ R³⁸)_(f), (CH(R¹⁴))_(c), and (CH(R¹⁴))_(e) are bonded to E⁰;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(sss) wherein Q^(sss) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W³, r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, W³ is selected from the group consisting of 1,1-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,1-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 1,4-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,5-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 3,5-piperidinyl, 3,6-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2H-2,3-pyranyl, 2H-2,4-pyranyl, 2H-2,5-pyranyl, 4H-2,3-pyranyl, 4H-2,4-pyranyl, 4H-2,5-pyranyl, 2H-pyran-2-one-3,4-yl, 2H-pyran-2-one-4,5-yl, 4H-pyran-4-one-2,3-yl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,3-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,4-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,5-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,6-tetrahydropyranyl, 3,4-tetrahydropyranyl, and 3,5-tetrahydropyranyl, and each carbon and hyrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the proviso that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰ and Q^(b) is bonded to lowest numbered substituent position of each W³;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(sssr) wherein Q^(sssr) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁴, r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, W⁴ is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 1,4-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,5-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 3,5-piperidinyl, 3,6-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2H-2,3-pyranyl, 2H-2,4-pyranyl, 2H-2,5-pyranyl, 4H-2,3-pyranyl, 4H-2,4-pyranyl, 4H-2,5-pyranyl, 2H-pyran-2-one-3,4-yl, 2H-pyran-2-one4,5-yl, 4H-pyran-4-one-2,3-yl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,3-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,4-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,5-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,6-tetrahydropyranyl, 3,4-tetrahydropyranyl, and 3,5-tetrahydropyranyl, and each carbon and hydrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁴ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the provisos that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰ and Q^(b) is bonded to highest number substituent position of each W⁴;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ssss) wherein Q^(ssss) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁵, r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, W⁵ is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-benzothiophenyl, 3,4-benzothiophenyl, 3,5-benzothiophenyl, 3,6-benzothiophenyl, 3,7-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,4-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,5-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,6-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,4-indolyl, 2,5-indolyl, 2,6-indolyl, 2,7-indolyl, 3,4-indolyl, 3,5-indolyl, 3,6-indolyl, 3,7-indolyl, 1,4-isoindolyl, 1,5-isoindolyl, 1,6-isoindolyl, 2,4-isoindolyl, 2,5-isoindolyl, 2,6-isoindolyl, 2,7-isoindolyl, 1,3-isoindolyl, 3,4-indazolyl, 3,5-indazolyl, 3,6-indazolyl, 3,7-indazolyl, 2,4-benzoxazolyl, 2,5-benzoxazolyl, 2,6-benzoxazolyl, 2,7-benzoxazolyl, 3,4-benzisoxazolyl, 3,5-benzisoxazolyl, 3,6-benzisoxazolyl, 3,7-benzisoxazolyl, 1,4-naphthyl, 1,5-naphthyl, 1,6-naphthyl, 1,7-naphthyl, 1,8-naphthyl, 2,4-naphthyl, 2,5-naphthyl, 2,6-naphthyl, 2,7-naphthyl, 2,8-naphthyl, 2,4-quinolinyl, 2,5-quinolinyl, 2,6-quinolinyl, 2,7-quinolinyl, 2,8-quinolinyl, 3,4-quinolinyl, 3,5-quinolinyl, 3,6-quinolinyl, 3,7-quinolinyl, 3,8-quinolinyl, 4,5-quinolinyl, 4,6-quinolinyl, 4,7-quinolinyl, 4,8-quinolinyl, 1,4-isoquinolinyl, 1,5-isoquinolinyl, 1,6-isoquinolinyl, 1,7-isoquinolinyl, 1,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-isoquinolinyl, 3,5-isoquinolinyl, 3,6-isoquinolinyl, 3,7-isoquinolinyl, 3,8-isoquinolinyl, 4,5-isoquinolinyl, 4,6-isoquinolinyl, 4,7-isoquinolinyl, 4,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-cinnolinyl, 3,5-cinnolinyl, 3,6-cinnolinyl, 3,7-cinnolinyl, 3,8-cinnolinyl, 4,5-cinnolinyl, 4,6-cinnolinyl, 4,7-cinnolinyl, and 4,8-cinnolinyl, and each carbon and hydrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁵ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the proviso that Q^(b) is bonded to lowest number substituent position of each W⁵ and that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ssssr) wherein Q^(ssssr) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁶, r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, W⁶ is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-benzothiophenyl, 3,4-benzothiophenyl, 3,5-benzothiophenyl, 3,6-benzothiophenyl, 3,7-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,4-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,5-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,6-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,4-indolyl, 2,5-indolyl, 2,6-indolyl, 2,7-indolyl, 3,4-indolyl, 3,5-indolyl, 3,6-indolyl, 3,7-indolyl, 1,4-isoindolyl, 1,5-isoindolyl, 1,6-isoindolyl, 2,4-isoindolyl, 2,5-isoindolyl, 2,6-isoindolyl, 2,7-isoindolyl, 1,3-isoindolyl, 3,4-indazolyl, 3,5-indazolyl, 3,6-indazolyl, 3,7-indazolyl, 2,4-benzoxazolyl, 2,5-benzoxazolyl, 2,6-benzoxazolyl, 2,7-benzoxazolyl, 3,4-benzisoxazolyl, 3,5-benzisoxazolyl, 3,6-benzisoxazolyl, 3,7-benzisoxazolyl, 1,4-naphthyl, 1,5-naphthyl, 1,6-naphthyl, 1,7-naphthyl, 1,8-naphthyl, 2,4-naphthyl, 2,5-naphthyl, 2,6-naphthyl, 2,7-naphthyl, 2,8-naphthyl, 2,4-quinolinyl, 2,5-quinolinyl, 2,6-quinolinyl, 2,7-quinolinyl, 2,8-quinolinyl, 3,5-quinolinyl, 3,5-quinolinyl, 3,6-quinolinyl, 3,7-quinolinyl, 3,8-quinolinyl, 4,5-quinolinyl, 4,6-quinolinyl, 4,7-quinolinyl, 4,8-quinolinyl, 1,4-isoquinolinyl, 1,5-isoquinolinyl, 1,6-isoquinolinyl, 1,7-isoquinolinyl, 1,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-isoquinolinyl, 3,5-isoquinolinyl, 3,6-isoquinolinyl, 3,7-isoquinolinyl, 3,8-isoquinolinyl, 4,5-isoquinolinyl, 4,6-isoquinolinyl, 4,7-isoquinolinyl, 4,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-cinnolinyl, 3,5-cinnolinyl, 3,6-cinnolinyl, 3,7-cinnolinyl , 3,8-cinnolinyl, 4,5-cinnolinyl, 4,6-cinnolinyl, 4,7-cinnolinyl, and 4,8-cinnolinyl, and each carbon and hydrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁶ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the proviso that Q^(b) is bonded to highest number substituent position of each W⁶ and that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰.

In another embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are independently selected from the group consisting of O and S;

B is formula (V):

wherein

D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is O, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is S, one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ must be a covalent bond when two of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are O and S, and no more than four of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are N;

R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹, R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, carboxy, heteroaralkylthio, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylalkyl, acylalkoxy, aryloylalkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heterocyclyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthiloalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocyclylsulfonyl, heterocyclylthio, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamino, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, alkoxycarboxamido, alkylamidocarbonylamido, arylamidocarbonylamido, carboalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxyalkenyl, carboxy, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl;

R¹⁶, R¹⁹, R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trialkylsilyl, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkylenyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, C2-C8 haloalkyl, and C3-C8 haloalkenyl wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of C3-C12 cycloalkyl, C5-C10-cycloalkenyl, and C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R³³, a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R⁹ or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R⁹ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹², a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹⁰ position is optionally substituted with R¹¹, a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹² position is optionally substituted with R³³, and a ring carbon or nitrogen four atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹¹ and R³³ positions is optionally substituted with R³⁴;

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, (W⁷)_(rr)—(CH(R¹⁵))_(pa) and (CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W⁷ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(O)N(R⁷), C(S)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), (R⁷)NC(S), and N(R⁷) with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of rr and pa can be 0 at the same time;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, and alkoxyalkyl;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R³⁷, and R³⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and haloalkoxyalkyl;

R¹⁴ and R³⁸ can be independently selected from the group consisting of aroyl and heteroaroyl;

Ψ is selected from the group consisting of NR⁵, C(O), and S(O)₂;

R⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, and alkoxy;

R³⁹ and R⁴⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and haloalkoxyalkyl;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, amidino, guanidino, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyamino, thiol, alkylthio, and phosphono;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, (CR⁴¹R⁴²)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 3, (CH(R⁴¹))_(g)—W⁰—(CH(R ))² ^(p) wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W⁰ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), S(O), S(O)₂, N(R⁴¹), and ON(R⁴¹), and (CH(R⁴¹))_(e)—W²²—(CH(R⁴²))_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W²² is selected from the group consisting of CR⁴¹═CR⁴², 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyzlopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrblidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, and 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, with the proviso that Z⁰ is directly bonded to the uracil ring;

R⁴¹ and R⁴² are independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, hydroxyamino, hydrido, hydroxy, amino, and alkyl;

Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, with the proviso that Z⁰ is other than a covalent single bond, the formula (II):

wherein

D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, Jand K¹ is O, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is S, one of D¹,D², J¹, J² and K¹ must be a covalent bond when two of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are O and S, and no more than four of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is N, with the proviso that R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

K is (CR^(4a)R^(4b))_(n) wherein n is an integer selected from 1 through 2;

R^(4a) and R^(4b) are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, and haloalkyl;

E⁰ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O), C(S), C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), S(O)₂, (R⁷)NS(O)₂, and S(O)₂N(R⁷);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is C, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ , and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are O and S, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N when K² is carbon with the provisos that R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, ⁺NR²⁰R²¹R²², aminoalkylenyl, and Q^(be), wherein Q^(be) is hydrido and R²⁰, R²¹, and R²² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, amino, aminoalkylenyl, dialkylamino, alkylamino, and hydroxyalkyl with the proviso that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino at the same time;

Q^(b) is optionally selected from the group consisting of C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), C(O)N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), N(R²⁶)N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), and ON(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴) with the provisos that no more than one of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ is hydroxy, alkylamino, amino, or dialkylamino when two of the group consisting of R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁶ are bonded to the same atom;

R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkylenylamino, dialkylamino, alkylamino, and hydroxyalkyl;

Q^(s) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b)—(W⁰)_(az) wherein az is an integer selected from 0 through 1, b is an integer selected from 1 through 5, and W⁰ is selected from the group consisting of O, C(O), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R ), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, and N(R¹⁴), (CH(R¹⁴))_(c)—W¹—(CH(R¹⁵))_(d) wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 4 and W¹ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), C(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S), OC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(S)O,N(R¹⁵)C(O)N(R¹⁴),(R¹⁴)NC(O)N(R¹⁵), N(R¹⁵)C(S)N(R¹⁴) (R¹⁴)NC(S)N(R¹⁵), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, P(O)(R⁸), N(R⁷)P(O)(R⁸), P(O)(R⁸)N(R⁷), N(R¹⁴), ON(R¹⁴), and (CH(R¹⁴))_(e)—W²²—(CH(R¹⁵))_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W²² is selected from the group consisting of CR₄₁═CR⁴², CR⁴¹R⁴²═C; vinylidene), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4 morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4 pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4 -tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, and 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, with the provisos that R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are selected from other than halo and cyano when directly bonded to N and that (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b), (CH(R¹⁴))_(c), and (CH(R¹⁴))_(e) are bonded to E⁰;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ss) wherein Q^(ss) is selected from the group consisting of (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(f) wherein f is an integer selected from 1 through 4, (CH(R¹⁴))_(c)—W¹—(CH(R¹⁵))_(d) wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 2, and W¹ is selected from the group consisting of W¹ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), N(R¹⁵)C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O)N(R¹⁵), N(R¹⁴), ON(R¹⁴), and (CH(R¹⁴))_(e)—W²—(CH(R¹⁵))_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W² is selected from the group consisting of CR^(4a)═CR^(4b), ethynylidene (C≡C; 1,2-ethynyl), and C═CR^(4a)R^(4b) with the provisos that R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are selected from other than halo when directly bonded to N and that (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(f), (CH(R¹⁴))_(c) and (CH(R¹⁴))_(e) are bonded to E⁰;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(sss) wherein Q^(sss) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W³, r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, W³ is selected from the group consisting of 1,1-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,l-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 1,4-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,5-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 3,5-piperidinyl, 3,6-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2H-2,3-pyranyl, 2H-2,4pyranyl, 2H-2,5-pyranyl, 4H-2,3-pyranyl, 4H-2,4-pyranyl, 4H-2,5-pyranyl, 2H-pyran-2-one-3,4-yl, 2H-pyran-2-one-4,5-yl, 4H-pyran-4-one-2,3-yl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,3-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,4-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,5-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,6-tetrahydropyranyl, 3,4-tetrahydropyranyl, and 3,5-tetrahydropyranyl, and each carbon and hyrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W³ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R ¹², with the proviso that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰ and Q^(b) is bonded to lowest numbered substituent position of each W³;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(sssr) wherein Q^(sssr) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁴, r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, W⁴ is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5 morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 1,4-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,5-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 3,5-piperidinyl, 3,6-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2H-2,3-pyranyl, 2H-2,4-pyranyl, 2H-2,5-pyranyl, 4H-2,3-pyranyl, 4H-2,4-pyranyl, 4H-2,5-pyranyl, 2H-pyran-2-one-3,4-yl, 2H-pyran-2-one4,5-yl, 4H-pyran-4-one-2,3-yl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,3-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,4-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,5-tetrahydropyranyl, 2,6-tetrahydropyranyl, 3,4-tetrahydropyranyl, and 3,5-tetrahydropyranyl, and each carbon and hyrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁴ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the provisos that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰ and Q^(b) is bonded to highest number substituent position of each W⁴;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ssss) wherein Q^(ssss) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁵, r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, W⁵ is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-benzothiophenyl, 3,4-benzothiophenyl, 3,5-benzothiophenyl, 3,6-benzothiophenyl, 3,7-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,4imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,5-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,6-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,4indolyl, 2,5-indolyl, 2,6-indolyl, 2,7-indolyl, 3,4indolyl, 3,5-indolyl, 3,6-indolyl, 3,7-indolyl, 1,4-isoindolyl, 15,Sisoindolyl, 1,6-isoindolyl, 2,4-isoindolyl, 2,5-isoindolyl, 2,6 isoindolyl, 2,7-isoindolyl, 1,3-isoindolyl, 3,4indazolyl, 3,5-indazolyl, 3,6-indazolyl, 3,7-indazolyl, 2,4-benzoxazolyl, 2,5-benzoxazolyl, 2,6-benzoxazolyl, 2,7-benzoxazolyl, 3,4-benzisoxazolyl, 3,5-benzisoxazolyl, 3,6-benzisoxazolyl, 3,7-benzisoxazolyl, 1,4-naphthyl, 15,Snaphthyl, 1,6-naphthyl, 1,7-naphthyl, 1,8-naphthyl, 2,4-naphthyl, 2,5-naphthyl, 2,6-naphthyl, 2,7-naphthyl, 2,8-naphthyl, 2,4-quniolinyl, 2,5-quinolinyl, 2,6-quinolinyl, 2,7-quinolinyl, 2,8-quinolinyl, 3,4-quniolinyl, 3,5-quinolinyl, 3,6-quniolinyl, 3,7-quinolinyl, 3,8-quniolinyl, 4,5-quniolinyl, 4,6-quinolinyl, 4,7-quinolinyl, 4,8-quinolinyl, 1,4-isoquinolinyl, 1,5-isoquinolinyl, 1,6-isoquinolinyl, 1,7-isoquinolinyl, 1,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-isoquinolinyl, 3,5-isoquinolinyl, 3,6-isoquinolinyl, 3,7-isoquinolinyl, 3,8-isoquinolinyl, 4,5-isoquinolinyl, 4,6-isoquinolinyl, 4,7-isoquinolinyl, 4,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-cinnolinyl, 3,5-cinnolinyl, 3,6-cinnolinyl, 3,7-cinnolinyl, 3,8-cinnolinyl, 4,5-cinnolinyl, 4,6-cinnolinyl, 4,7-cinnolinyl, and 4,8-cinnolinyl, and each carbon and hyrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁵ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the proviso that Q^(b) is bonded to lowest number substituent position of each W⁵ and that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ssssr) wherein Q^(ssssr) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁶, r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, W¹⁶ is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-benzothiophenyl, 3,4-benzothiophenyl, 3,5-benzothiophenyl, 3,6-benzothiophenyl, 3,7-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,4imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,5imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,6-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,4indolyl, 2,5indolyl, 2,6-indolyl, 2,7-indolyl, 3,4indolyl, 3,5-indolyl, 3,,6-indolyl, 3,7-indolyl, 1,4-5 -isoindolyl, 1,5-isoindolyl, 1,6-isoindolyl, 2,4-isoindolyl, 2,5-isoindolyl, 2,6-isoindolyl, 2,7-isoindolyl, 1,3-isoindolyl, 3,4indazolyl, 3,5-indazolyl, 3,6-indazolyl, 3,7-indazolyl, 2,4-benzoxazolyl, 2,5-benzoxazolyl, 2,6-benzoxazolyl, 2,7-benzoxazolyl, 3,4-benzisoxazolyl, 3,5-benzisoxazolyl, 3,6-benzisoxazolyl, 3,7-benzisoxazolyl, 1,4-naphthyl, 1,5-naphthyl, 1,6-naphthyl, 1,7-naphthyl, 1,8-naphthyl, 2,4-naphthyl, 2,5-naphthyl, 2,6-naphthyl, 2,7-naphthyl, 2,8-naphthyl, 2,4-quniolinyl, 2,5-quinolinyl, 2,6-quinolinyl, 2,7-quinolinyl, 2,8-quinolinyl, 3,4-quniolinyl, 3,5-quinolinyl, 3,6-quinolinyl, 3,7-quinolinyl, 3,8-quniolinyl, 4,-quinolinyl, 4,6-quinolinyl, 4,7-quinolinyl, 4,8-quinolinyl, 1,4-isoquinolinyl, 1,5-isoquinolinyl, 1,6-isoquinolinyl, 1,7-isoquinolinyl, 1,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-isoquinolinyl, 3,5-isoquinolinyl, 3,6-isoquinolinyl, 3,7-isoquinolinyl, 3,8-isoquinolinyl, 4,5-isoquinolinyl, 4,6-isoquinolinyl, 4,7-isoquinolinyl, 4,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-cinnolinyl, 3,5-cinnolinyl, 3,6-cinnolinyl, 3,7-cinnolinyl, 3,8-cinnolinyl, 4,5-cinnolinyl, 4,6-cinnolinyl, 4,7-cinnolinyl, and 4,8-cinnolinyl, and each carbon and hyrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁶ other than the points of attachment is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the proviso that Q^(b) is bonded to highest number substituent position of each W⁶ and that (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰.

In a preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are each O;

B is formula (V):

wherein

D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is O, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is S, one of D¹, D², J¹, J²and K¹ must be a covalent bond when two of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are O and S, and no more than four of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K^(1 are N;)

R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R³², R³³, R³⁴, R^(±)and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, and cyano;

R¹⁶, R¹⁹, R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trialkylsilyl, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkylenyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, and C2-C8 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, R³⁶;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of C3-C12 cycloalkyl and C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon may be optionally substituted with R³³, a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R⁹ or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R⁹ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹², a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹⁰ position is optionally substituted with R¹¹, a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹² position is optionally substituted with R³³, and a ring carbon or nitrogen four atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹¹ and R³³ positions is optionally substituted with R³⁴;

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, (W⁷)_(rr)—(CH(R¹⁵))_(pa) and (CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W⁷ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), (R⁷)NC(O), (R⁷)NC(S), and N(R⁷) with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of rr and pa is 0 at the same time;

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, and alkyl;

R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

Ψ is selected from the group consisting of NH and NOH;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, amidino, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyamino, thiol, and alkylthio;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, (CR⁴¹R⁴²))_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 3, (CH(R⁴¹))_(g)—W⁰—(CH(R⁴²))_(p) wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W⁰ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), S(O), N(R⁴¹), and ON(R⁴¹), and (CH(R⁴¹))_(e)—W²²—(CH(R⁴²))_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 1 and W⁴² is selected from the group consisting of CR⁴¹═CR⁴², 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, and 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, with the proviso that Z⁰ is directly bonded to the uracil ring;

R⁴¹ and R⁴² are independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, hydroxyamino, hydrido, hydroxy, amino, and alkyl;

Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, with the proviso that Z⁰ is other than a covalent single bond, and the formula (II):

wherein

D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ is O, no more than one of D¹, D², J¹ and K¹ is S, one of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ must be a covalent bond when two of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are O and S, and no more than four of D¹, D², J¹, J² and K¹ are N, with the proviso that R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², and R^(`3) are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

K is (CR^(4a)R^(4b))n wherein n is an integer selected from 1 through 2;

R^(4a) and R^(4b) are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, and haloalkyl;

E⁰ is E¹, when K is (CR^(4a)R^(4b))_(n), wherein E¹ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O), C(S), C(O)N(R⁷), (R⁷)NC(O), S(O)₂, (R⁷)NS(O)₂, and S(O)₂N(R⁷);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is C, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are O and S, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N with the proviso that R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamino, haloalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, and cyano;

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, aminoalkylenyl, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino at the same time and that no more than one of R²³ and R²⁴ is hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino at the same time;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, aminoalkylenyl, amino, dialkylamino, alkylamino, and hydroxyalkyl;

Q^(s) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b) wherein b is an integer selected from 1 through 4, and (CH(R¹⁴))_(c)—W¹—(CH(R¹⁵))_(d) wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 3 and W¹ is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, and N(R¹⁴), with the provisos that R¹⁴ is selected from other than halo when directly bonded to N and that (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b), and (CH(R¹⁴))_(c) are bonded to E⁰;

R¹⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R³⁷ and R³⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R³⁸ is optionally selected from the group consisting of aroyl and heteroaroyl;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)—Q^(ss) wherein Q^(ss) is (CH(R¹⁴))_(e)—W²—(CH(R¹⁵))_(h), wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 1 through 2 and W² is CR^(4a)═CR^(4b) with the proviso that (CH(R¹⁴))_(e) is bonded to E⁰;

Y⁰ is optionally selected from the group consisting of Q^(b)—Q^(ssss) and Q^(b)—Q^(ssssr) wherein Qssss is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁵ and Q^(ssssr) is (CH(R³⁸))_(r)—W⁶, r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and W⁵ and W⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-benzothiophenyl, 3,4-benzothiophenyl, 3,5-benzothiophenyl, 3,6-benzothiophenyl, 3,7-benzothiophenyl, 2,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,4-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,5-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,6-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 3,7-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridinyl, 2,4-indolyl, 2,5-indolyl, 2,6-indolyl, 2,7-indolyl, 3,4-indolyl, 3,5-indolyl, 3,6-indolyl, 3,7-indolyl, 1,4-isoindolyl, 1,5-isoindolyl, 1,6-isoindolyl, 2,4-isoindolyl, 2,5-isoindolyl, 2,6-isoindolyl, 2,7-isoindolyl, 1,3-isoindolyl, 3,4-indazolyl, 3,5-indazolyl, 3,6-indazolyl, 3,7-indazolyl, 2,4-benzoxazolyl, 2,5-benzoxazolyl, 2,6-benzoxazolyl, 2,7-benzoxazolyl, 3,4-benzisoxazolyl, 3,5-benzisoxazolyl, 3,6-benzisoxazolyl, 3,7-benzisoxazolyl, 1,4-naphthyl, 1,5-naphthyl, 1,6-naphthyl, 1,7-naphthyl, 1,8-naphthyl, 2,4-naphthyl, 2,5-naphthyl, 2,6-naphthyl, 2,7-naphthyl, 2,8-naphthyl, 2,4-quinolinyl, 2,5-quinolinyl, 2,6-quinolinyl, 2,7-quinolinyl, 2,8-quinolinyl, 3,4-quinolinyl, 3,5-quinolinyl, 3,6-quinolinyl, 3,7-quinolinyl, 3,8-quinolinyl, 4,5-quinolinyl, 4,6-quinolinyl, 4,7-quinolinyl, 4,8-quinolinyl, 1,4-isoquinolinyl, 1,5-isoquinolinyl, 1,6-isoquinolinyl, 1,7-isoquinolinyl, 1,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-isoquinolinyl, 3,5-isoquinolinyl, 3,6-isoquinolinyl, 3,7-isoquinolinyl, 3,8-isoquinolinyl, 4,5-isoquinolinyl, 4,6-isoquinolinyl, 4,7-isoquinolinyl, 4,8-isoquinolinyl, 3,4-cinnolinyl, 3,5-cinnolinyl, 3,6-cinnolinyl, 3,7-cinnolinyl, 3,8-cinnolinyl, 4,5-cinnolinyl, 4,6-cinnolinyl, 4,7-cinnolinyl, and 4,8-cinnolinyl, and each carbon and hyrido containing nitrogen member of the ring of the W⁵ and of the ring of the W⁶, other than the points of attachment of W⁵ and W⁶, is optionally substituted with one or more of the group consisting of R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹², with the provisos that Q^(b) is bonded to lowest number substituent position of each W⁵, Q^(b) is bonded to highest number substituent position of each W⁶, and (CH(R³⁸))_(r) is bonded to E⁰.

In a more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are each O;

B is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³², the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁶, a carbon adjacent to R³³, and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³³, a carbon adjacent to R³⁶ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁵, and any carbon adjacent to both R³³ and R³⁵ is optionally substituted by R³⁴;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamino, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q^(b);

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trialkylsilyl, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkylenyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, and C2-C8 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R³², R³³ R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of C3-C12 cycloalkyl and C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally optionally substituted with R³³, a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R⁹ or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R⁹ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹², a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹⁰ position is optionally substituted with R¹¹, a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹² position is optionally substituted with R³³, and a ring carbon or nitrogen four atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹¹ and R³³ positions is optionally substituted with R³⁴;

R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, alkoxyamino, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, amidino, guanidino, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond and (CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W⁷ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), (R⁷)NC(O), (R⁷)NC(S), and N(R⁷);

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy and alkyl;

R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

Ψ is NH;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, amino, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, amidino, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyamino, thiol, and alkylthio;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond and (CR⁴¹R⁴²)_(q) wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 2, (CH(R⁴¹))_(g)—W⁰—(CH(R⁴²))_(p) wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W⁰ is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N(R⁴¹), and (CH(R⁴¹))_(e)—W²²—(CH(R⁴²))_(h) wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 0 through 1 and W²² is selected from the group consisting of

CR⁴¹═CR⁴², 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-pyrrolidinyl, 2,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,5-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-pyrrolidinyl, 2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2,5-tetrahydrofuranyl, and 3,4-tetrahydrofuranyl, with the proviso that Z⁰ is directly bonded to the uracil ring;

R⁴¹ and R⁴² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, and amino;

Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, with the proviso that Z⁰ is other than a covalent single bond, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹², and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹² is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

K is CHR^(4a) wherein R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, and haloalkyl;

E⁰ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), (R⁷)NS(O)₂, and S(O)₂N(R⁷);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is C, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ , and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are O and S, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N, with the provisos that R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ are optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino at the same time and that no more than one of R²³ and R²⁴ is hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino at the same time;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino;

Q^(s) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b) wherein b is an integer selected from 1 through 4, and (CH(R¹⁴))_(c)—W¹—(CH(R¹⁵))_(d) wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 3 and W¹ is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(R¹⁴), (R¹⁴)NC(O), S(O), S(O)₂, S(O)₂N(R¹⁴), N(R¹⁴)S(O)₂, and N(R¹⁴), with the provisos that R¹⁴ is selected from other than halo when directly bonded to N and that (CR³⁷R³⁸)_(b), and (CH(R¹⁴))_(c) are bonded to E⁰;

R¹⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R³⁷ and R³⁸ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

R³⁸ is optionally selected from the group consisting of aroyl and heteroaroyl;

Y⁰ is optionally Q^(b)-Q^(ss) wherein Q^(ss) is (CH(R¹⁴))_(e)—W²—(CH(R¹⁵))_(h), wherein e and h are integers independently selected from 1 through 2 and W² is CR^(4a)═CH with the proviso that (CH(R¹⁴))_(e) is bonded to E⁰.

In an even more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are each O;

B is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³², the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁶, a carbon adjacent to R³² and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³³, a carbon adjacent to R³⁶ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁵, and any carbon adjacent to both R³³ and R³⁵ is optionally substituted by R³⁴;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyld halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond and (CH(R¹⁵))_(p)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W⁷ is selected from the group consisting of(R⁷)NC(O) and N(R⁷);

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy and alkyl;

R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

Ψ is NH;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, amidino, amino, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxyamino, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and halo;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, NH, and CH₂;

Q is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹², and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹² is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

R⁹, R¹¹, and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfonamido, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;

R¹⁰ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, amidocarbonyl, halo, haloalkyl, and cyano;

K is CH₂;

E⁰ is C(O)N(H);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is C, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is optionally O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is optionally S, one of

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are O and S, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N;

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ are optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy at the same time and that no more than one of R²³ and R²⁴ is hydroxy at the same time;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and hydroxy;

Q^(s) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH₂, and CH₂CH₂.

In another even more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are each O;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, and C2-C8 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R^(32,) R^(33,) R^(34,) R^(35,)and R³⁶;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond and (CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W⁷ is selected from the group consisting of (R⁷)NC(O) and N(R⁷);

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrid hydroxy and alkyl;

R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl and haloalkyl;

Ψ is NH;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, amidino, amino, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxyamino, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and halo;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, NH, and CH₂;

Q is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹², and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹² is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

R⁹, R¹¹, R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfonamido, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;

R¹⁰ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamino, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, amidocarbonyl, halo, haloalkyl, and cyano;

K is CH₂;

E⁰ is C(O)N(H);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is C, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are O and S, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N, with the provisos that R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamino, and cyano;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ are optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR^(°)R²¹, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, and N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy at the same time and that no more than one of R²³ and R²⁴ is hydroxy at the same time;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and hydroxy;

Q^(s) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH₂, and CH₂CH₂.

In still another even more preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are each O;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of C3-C7 cycloalkyl and C4C6 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R³³, a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R⁹ or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R⁹ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹², a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹⁰ position is optionally substituted with R¹¹, a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹² position is optionally substituted with R³³, and a ring carbon or nitrogen four atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹¹ and R³³ positions is optionally substituted with R³⁴;

R⁹, R¹¹, and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfonamido, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;

R¹⁰ and R¹⁰ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamino, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, amidocarbonyl, halo, haloalkyl, and cyano;

R³³ and R³⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond and (CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W⁷ is selected from the group consisting of (R⁷)NC(O) and N(R⁷);

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy and alkyl;

R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

Ψ is NH;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, amidino, amino, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxyamino, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and halo;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, NH, and CH₂;

Q is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹², and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹² is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

K is CH₂;

E⁰ is C(O)N(H);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁶, and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is C, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are O and S, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶J⁵ and J⁶ are N, with the provisos that R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamino, and cyano;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ are optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

Q^(b) is selected from the croup consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy at the same time and that no more than one of R²³ and R²⁴ is hydroxy at the same time;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and hydroxy;

Q^(S) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH₂, and CH₂CH₂.

In a most preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are each O;

B is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³², the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁶, a carbon adjacent to R³² and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³³, a carbon adjacent to R³⁶ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁵, and any carbon adjacent to both R³³ and R³⁵ is optionally substituted by R³⁴;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond and (CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W⁷ is N(R⁷);

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido and alkyl;

R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

Ψ is NH;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, amidino, amino, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylaamino, aminoalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxyamino, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and halo;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is a covalent single bond;

Q is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹² , and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹⁰ is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

R⁹, R¹¹, and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkoxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;

R¹⁰ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyamino, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyamido, and cyano;

K is CH₂;

E⁰ is C(O)N(H);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is C, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ and J⁶ are O and S, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N;

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ are optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and alkyl;

Q^(S) is CH₂.

In another most preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are each O;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, and C2-C8 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond and (CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W is N(R⁷);

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido and alkyl;

R15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

Ψ is NH;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, amidino, amino, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxyamino, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and halo;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is a covalent single bond;

Q is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹², and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹² is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

R⁹, R¹¹, and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkoxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;

R¹⁰ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyamino, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyamido, and cyano;

K is CH₂;

E⁰ is C(O)N(H);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is C, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁶ and J⁶ are O and S, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁶ and J⁶ are N, with the provisos that R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, is R¹⁹ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ are optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴;

R²⁰, R²¹R²², R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and alkyl;

Q^(S) is CH₂.

In still another most preferred embodiment of compounds of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

J^(a) and J^(b) are each O;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of C3-C7 cycloalkyl and C4C6 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R³³, a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R⁹ or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R⁹ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹², a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹⁰ position is optionally substituted with R¹¹, a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹² position is optionally substituted with R³³, and a ring carbon or nitrogen four atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R¹¹ and R³³ positions is optionally substituted with R³⁴;

R⁹, R¹¹, and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkoxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;

R¹⁰ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyamino, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyamido, and cyano;

R³³ and R³⁴ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;

R³³ is optionally Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond and (CH(R¹⁵))_(pa)—(W⁷)_(rr) wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W⁷ is N(R⁷);

R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy and alkyl;

R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

Ψ is NH;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, amidino, amino, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylthio, alkoxyamino, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and halo;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is a covalent single bond;

Q is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹², and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹² is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

K is CH₂;

E⁰ is C(O)N(H);

Y⁰ is formula (IV):

wherein

D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one is a covalent bond, K² is C, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵ and J⁶ is O, no more than one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁶ and J⁶ is S, one of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ must be a covalent bond when two of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are O and S, and no more than four of D⁵, D⁶, J⁵, and J⁶ are N, with the provisos that R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkylenylamino, and cyano;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ are optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido and alkyl;

Q^(S) is CH₂.

In a preferred specific embodiment of Formula I, compounds have the Formula I-S:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

B is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-6-yl, 1,2,3-triazinyl, and 1,2,3-triazin-5-yl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³², the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁶, a carbon adjacent to R³² and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³³, a carbon adjacent to R³⁶ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁵, and any carbon adjacent to both R³³ and R³⁵ is optionally substituted by R³⁴;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, nitro, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, acetyl, propanoyl, trifluoroacetyl, pentafluoropropanoyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro 1-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro- 1-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxyethyl, carboxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, N,N-dimethylamidocarbonyl, cyano, and Q^(b);

B is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trimethylsilyl, ethyl, 2-propenyl, 2-propynyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butynyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-pentyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 3-pentyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 2-hexyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-pentynyl, 3-hexyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-3-butenyl, 1-propyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butynyl, 1-heptyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 5-heptenyl, 6-heptenyl, 2-heptynyl, 3-heptynyl, 4-heptynyl, 5-heptynyl, 2-heptyl, 1-methyl-2-hexenyl, 1-methyl-3-hexenyl, 1-methyl-4-hexenyl, 1-methyl-5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-2-hexynyl, 1-methyl-3-hexynyl, 1-methyl-4-hexynyl, 3-heptyl, 1-ethyl-2-pentenyl, 1-ethyl-3-pentenyl, 1-ethyl-4-pentenyl, 1-butyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-pentynyl, 1-ethyl-3-pentynyl, 1-octyl, 2-octenyl, 3-octenyl, 4-octenyl, 5-octenyl, 6-octenyl, 7-octenyl, 2-octynyl, 3-octynyl, 4-octynyl, 5-octynyl, 6-octynyl, 2-octyl, 1-methyl-2-heptenyl, 1-methyl-3-heptenyl, 1-methyl-4-heptenyl, 1-methyl-5-heptenyl, 1-methyl-6-heptenyl, 1-methyl-2-heptynyl, 1-methyl-3-heptynyl, 1-methyl-4-heptenyl, 1-methyl-5-heptenyl, 1-methyl-6-heptenyl, 1-methyl-2-heptenyl, 1-methyl-3-heptynyl, 1-methyl-4-heptynyl, 1-methyl-5-heptynyl, 3-octyl, 1-ethyl-2-hexenyl, 1-ethyl-3-hexenyl, 1-ethyl-4-hexenyl, 1-ethyl-2-hexynyl, 1-ethyl-3-hexynyl, 1-ethyl-4-hexynyl, 1-ethyl-5-hexenyl, 1-pentyl-2-propenyl, 4-octyl, 1-propyl-2-pentenyl, 1-propyl-3-pentenyl, 1-propyl-4-pentenyl, 1-butyl-2-butenyl, 1-propyl-2-pentynyl, 1-propyl-3-pentynyl, 1-butyl-2-butynyl, 1-butyl-3-butenyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 4-trifluoromethyl-5,5,5-trifluoropentyl, 4-trifluoromethylpentyl, 5,5,6,6,-pentafluorohexyl, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 5 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetan-2-yl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, thiaetan-2-yl, thiaetan-3-yl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, 3-trifluoromethylnorbornyl, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2-dioxanyl, 4H-2-pyranyl, 4H-3-pyranyl, 4H-4-pyranyl, 4H-pyran-4H-one-2-yl, 4H-pyran-4-one-3-yl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-tetrahydropyranyl, 3-tetrahydropyranyl, 4-tetrahydropyranyl, 2-tetrahydrothienyl, and 3-tetrahydrothienyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R³³, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R⁹ or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R⁹ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, and a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹²;

R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, carboxymethyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, nitro, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, methanesulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, acetyl, propanoyl, trifluoroacetyl, pentafluoropropanoyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro- 1-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxyethyl, carboxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, N,N-dimethylamidocarbonyl, and cyano;

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, O, S, NH, N(CH₃), N(OH), C(O), CH₂, CH₃CH, CF₃CH, NHC(O), N(CH₃)C(O), C(O)NH, C(O)N(CH₃), CF₃CC(O), C(O)CCH₃C(O)CCF₃, CH₂C(O), (O)CCH₂, CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₃CHCH₂, CF₃CHCH₂, CH₃CC(O)CH₂, CF₃CC(O)CH₂, CH₂C(O)CCH₃, CH₂C(O)CCF₃, CH₂CH₂C(O), and CH₂(O)CCH₂;

A is optionally selected from the group consisting of CH₂N(CH₃), CH₂N(CH₂CH₃), CH₂CH₂N(CH₃), and CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₃) with the proviso that B is hydrido;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹—C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, thiol, amidino, hydroxyamino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, cyano, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, and bromo;

R² is Z⁰—Q;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, O, S, NH, CH₂, CH₂CH₂, CH(OH), CH(NH₂), CH₂CH(OH), CH₂CHNH₂, CH(OH)CH₂, and CH(NH₂)CH₂;

Q is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-6-yl, 1,2,3-triazin-4-yl, and 1,2,3-triazin-5-yl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹², and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹² is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

K is CHR^(4a) wherein R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, methoxymethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl, methylthiomethyl, and hydrido;

E⁰ is a covalent single bond, C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), and S(O)₂N(H);

Y⁰ is selected from the group of formulas consisting of:

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamnino, aminomethyl, 1-amninoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamnino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methyl sulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluorom ethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, acetyl, propanoyl, trifluoroacetyl, pentafluoropropanoyl, hydroxym ethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, and cyano;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ are optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be);

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹,Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴ and N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), with the proviso that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy, N-methylamino, and N,N-dimethylamino at the same time and that no more than one of R²³ and R²⁴ is hydroxy, N-methylamino, and N,N-dimethylamino at the same time;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, hydroxy, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(N-methylamino)ethyl, and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl;

Q^(S) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH₂, CH₂CH₂, CH₃CH, CF₃CH, CH₃CHCH₂, CF₃CHCH₂, CH₂(CH₃)CH, CH═CH, CF═CH, C(CH₃)═CH, CH═CHCH₂, CF═CHCH₂, C(CH₃)═CHCH₂, CH₂CH═CH, CH₂CF═CH, CH₂C(CH₃)═CH, CH₂CH═CHCH₂, CH₂CF═CHCH₂, CH₂C(CH₃)═CHCH₂, CH₂CH═CHCH₂CH₂, CH₂CF═CHCH₂CH₂, and CH₂C(CH₃)═CHCH₂CH₂.

In a more preferred specific embodiment of Formula I, compounds have the Formula I-MPS wherein B is an aromatic:

(I-MPS wherein B is aromatic)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

B is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³², the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁶, a carbon adjacent to R³² and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³³, a carbon adjacent to R³⁶ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁵, and any carbon adjacent to both R³³ and R³⁵ is optionally substituted by R³⁴;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁴, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamindo, N-methylamino, dimethylaminno, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamnidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, N,N-dimethylamidocarbonyl, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, NH, N(CH₃), N(OH), CH₂, CH₃CH, CF₃CH, NHC(O), N(CH₃)C(O), C(O)NH, C(O)N(CH₃), CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₃CHCH₂, and CF₃CHCH₂;

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy at the same time and that no more than one of R²³ and R²⁴ is hydroxy at the same time;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, and hydroxy;

Q^(S) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH₂, and CH₂CH₂.

In another more preferred specific embodiment of Formula I, compounds have the Formula I-MPS wherein B is a non-cyclic substituent:

(I-MPS wherein B is a non-cyclic substituent)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

B is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, ethyl, 2-propenyl, 2-propynyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butynyl, sec-butyl, terti-butyl, isobutyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-pentyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 3-pentyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 2-hexyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-pentynyl, 3-hexyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-3-butenyl, 1-propyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butynyl, 1-heptyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4heptenyl, 5-heptenyl, 6-heptenyl, 2-heptynyl, 3-heptynyl, 4heptynyl, 5-heptynyl, 2-heptyl, 1-methyl-2-hexenyl, 1-methyl-3-hexenyl, 1-methyl-4-hexenyl, 1-methyl-5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-2-hexynyl, 1-methyl-3-hexynyl, 1-methyl-4-hexynyl, 3-heptyl, 1-ethyl-2-pentenyl, 1-ethyl-3-pentenyl, 1-ethyl-4-pentenyl, 1-butyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-pentynyl, 1-ethyl-3-pentynyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2-difiuoropropyl, 4-trifluoromethyl-5,5-trifluoropentyl, 4-trifluoromethylpentyl, 5,5,6,6,6-pentafluorohexyl, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 5 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, N,N-dimethylamidocarbonyl, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, NH, N(CH₃), N(OH), CH₂, CH₃CH, CF₃CH, NHC(O), N(CH₃)C(O), C(O)NH, C(O)N(CH₃), CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₃CHCH₂, and CF₃CHCH₂;

A is optionally selected from the group consisting of CH₂N(CH₃), CH₂N(CH₂CH₃), CH₂CH₂N(CH₃), and CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₃) with the proviso that B is hydrido;

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, Q^(be) , wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, and N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy at the same time and that no more than one of R²³ and R²⁴ is hydroxy at the same time;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, and hydroxy;

Q^(S) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH₂, and CH₂CH₂.

In still another more preferred specific embodiment of Formula I, compounds have the Formula I-MPS wherein B is a non-aromatic cyclic substituent:

(I-MPS wherein B is a non-aromatic cyclic substituent)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, thiaetan-3-yl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.]heptan-2-yl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl, cycloheptyl, 2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2-dioxanyl, 4H-2-pyranyl, 4H-3-pyranyl, 4-H-pyranyl, 4H-pyran-4-one-2-yl, 4H-pyran-4-one-3-yl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-tetrahydropyranyl, 3-tetrahydropyranyl, 4-tetrahydropyranyl, 2-tetrahydrothienyl, and 3-tetrahydrothienyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R³³, a ring carbon and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R⁹ or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R⁹ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, and a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹²;

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, NH, N(CH₃), N(OH), CH₂, CH₃CH, CF₃CH, NHC(O), N(CH₃)C(O), C(O)NH, C(O)N(CH₃), CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₃CHCH₂, and CF₃CHCH₂;

R³³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, N,N-dimethylamidocarbonyl, cyano, and Q^(b);

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, Q^(be) wherein Q^(be) is hydrido, and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, with the provisos that no more than one of R²⁰ and R²¹ is hydroxy at the same time and that no more than one of R²³ and R²⁴ is hydroxy at the same time;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, and hydroxy;

Q^(S) is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH₂, and CH₂CH₂.

The more preferred specific embodiment (I-MPS) compounds of the present invention having the Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, have common structural units, wherein;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹-C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, hydroxyamino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, cyano, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, methoxyamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, and bromo;

R² is Z⁰-Q;

Z⁰ is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, NH, and CH₂;

Q is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon or nitrogen adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹², and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹² is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

R⁹,R¹¹, and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, N-methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, methanesulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, N,N-dimethylamidocarbonyl, and cyano;

R¹⁰ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, carboxymethyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methanesulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, N,N-dimethylamidocarbonyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, and cyano;

Y⁰ is selected from the group of formulas consisting of:

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, carboxy, amidino, guanidino, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, and cyano;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ are optionally Q^(b) with the proviso that no more than one of R¹⁶ and R¹⁹ is Q^(b) at the same time and that Q^(b) is Q^(be).

In a most preferred specific embodiment of Formula I, compounds have the Formula I-EMPS wherein B is an aromatic:

(I-EMPS wherein B is aromatic)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

B is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, and 5-isoxazolyl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³², the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁶, a carbon adjacent to R³² and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³³, a carbon adjacent to R³⁶ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R³⁵, and any carbon adjacent to both R³³ and R³⁵ is optionally substituted by R³⁴;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, amidocarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, NH, N(CH₃), CH₂, CH₃CH, and CH₂CH₂;

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹ and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, with the proviso that said Q^(b) group is bonded directly to a carbon atom;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, and ethyl;

Q ^(S) is CH₂.

In another most preferred specific embodiment of Formula I, compounds have the Formula I-EMPS wherein B is a non-cyclic substituent:

(I-EMPS wherein B is a non-cyclic substituent)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

B is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, ethyl, 2-propenyl, 2-propynyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butenyl, 2-butynyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 2-hexyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-pentynyl,3-hexyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-heptyl, 2-heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 5-heptenyl, 2-heptynyl, 3-heptynyl, 4-heptynyl, 5-heptynyl, 2-heptyl, 1-methyl-2-hexenyl, 1-methyl-3-hexenyl, 1-methyl4-hexenyl, 1-methyl-2-hexynyl, 1-methyl-3-hexynyl, 1-methyl-4-hexynyl, 3-heptyl, 1-ethyl-2-pentenyl, 1-ethyl-3-pentenyl, 1-ethyl-2-pentynyl, 1-ethyl-3-pentynyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 4-trifluoromethyl-5,5,5-trifluoropentyl, 4-trifluoromethylpentyl, 5,5,6,6,6-pentafluorohexyl, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 5 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶;

R³², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁵, and R³⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, amidocarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, NH, N(CH₃), CH₂, CH₃CH, and CH₂CH₂;

A is optionally selected from the group consisting of CH₂N(CH₃), CH₂N(CH₂CH₃), CH₂CH₂N(CH₃), and CH₂CH₂N(CH₂CH₃) with the proviso that B is hydrido;

Q^(b) is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹, C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, and N(R²⁶)C(NR²⁵)N(R²³)(R²⁴), with the proviso that said Q^(b) group is bonded directly to a carbon atom;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, R²⁵, and R²⁶ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, and ethyl;

Q^(S) is CH₂.

In still another most preferred specific embodiment of Formula I, compounds have the Formula I-EMPS wherein B is a non-aromatic cyclic substituent:

(I-EMPS wherein B is a non-aromatic cyclic substituent)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein;

B is optionally selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-3-yl, thiaetan-3-yl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-tetrahydrothienyl, and 3-tetrahydrothienyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R³³, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R⁹ or R¹³, a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R⁹ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹⁰, and a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R¹³ position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R¹²;

R³³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, amidocarbonyl, cyano, and Q^(b);

A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, NH, N(CH₃), CH₂, CH₃CH, and CH₂CH₂;

Q⁶ is selected from the group consisting of NR²⁰R²¹ and C(NR²⁵)NR²³R²⁴, with the proviso that said Q^(b) group is bonded directly to a carbon atom;

R²⁰, R²¹, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, and ethyl;

Q^(S) is CH₂.

The most preferred specific embodiment (I-EMPS) compounds of the present invention having the Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, have common structural units, wherein;

M is selected from the group consisting of N and R¹-C;

R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, hydroxyamino, aminomethyl, methylamino, cyano, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, methoxyamino, methylthio, trifluoromethoxy, fluoro, and chloro;

R² is Z⁰-Q;

Z⁰ is a covalent sinole bond;

Q is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 2-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, and 3-pyridyl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R⁹, the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹³, a carbon adjacent to R⁹ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹⁰, a carbon adjacent to R¹³ and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R¹², and any carbon adjacent to both R¹⁰ and R¹² is optionally substituted by R¹¹;

R⁹, R¹¹, and R¹³ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, N-methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, methylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, carboxy, and cyano;

R¹⁰ and R¹² are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, guanidino, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, carboxy, carboxymethyl, amino, acetamido, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoroacetamido, aminomethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, methoxycarbonyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, and cyano;

Y⁰ is selected from the group of formulas consisting of:

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, and R¹⁹ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, amidino, guanidino, methoxy, hydroxy, amino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, fluoro, chloro, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, carboxy, and cyano.

The compounds of this invention can be used in anticoagulant therapy for the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombotic conditions including coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease. The compounds of this invention can be used to inhibit serine protease associated with the coagulation cascade and factors II, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, or XII. The compounds of the invention can inhibit the formation of blood platelet aggregates, inhibit the formation of fibrin, inhibit thrombus formation, and inhibiting embolus formation in a mammal, in blood, in blood products, and in mammalian organs. The compounds also can be used for treating or preventing unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, atrial fibrillation, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ocular build up of fibrin, and reocclusion or restenosis of recanalized vessels in a mammal. The compounds can also be used in prophylactic treatment of subjects who are at risk of developing such disorders. The compounds can be used to lower the risk of atherosclerosis. The compounds of Formula (I) would also be useful in prevention of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or stroke.

Besides being useful for human treatment, these compounds are also useful for veterinary treatment of companion animals, exotic animals and farm animals, including mammals, rodents, and the like. More preferred animals include horses, dogs, and cats.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the novel compounds are selected from the compounds set forth in Examples 1 through Example 7.

The use of generic terms in the description of the compounds are herein defined for clarity.

Standard single letter elemental symbols are used to represent specific types of atoms unless otherwise defined. The symbol “C” represents a carbon atom. The symbol “O” represents an oxygen atom. The symbol “N” represents a nitrogen atom. The symbol “P” represents a phosphorus atom. The symbol “S” represents a sulfur atom. The symbol “H” represents a hydrido atom. Double letter elemental symbols are used as defined for the elements of the periodical table (i.e., Cl represents chlorine, Se represents selenium, etc.).

As utilized herein, the term “alkyl”, either alone or within other terms such as “haloalkyl” and “alkylthio”, means an acyclic alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 10, preferably from 3 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably 3 to about 6 carbon atoms. Said alkyl radicals may be optionally substituted with groups as defined below. Examples of such radicals include methyl, ethyl, chloroethyl, hydroxyethyl, n-propyl, oxopropyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, cyanobutyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, aminopentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl and the like.

The term “alkenyl” refers to an unsaturated, acyclic hydrocarbon radical in so much as it contains at least one double bond. Such alkenyl radicals contain from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably 3 to about 6 carbon atoms. Said alkenyl radicals may be optionally substituted with groups as defined below. Examples of suitable alkenyl radicals include propenyl, 2-chloropropenyl, buten-1-yl, isobutenyl, penten-1-yl, 2-2-metbylbuten-1-yl, 3-methylbuten-1-yl, hexen-1-yl, 3-hydroxyhexen-1-yl, hepten-1-yl, and octen-1-yl, and the like.

The term “alkynyl” refers to an unsaturated, acyclic hydrocarbon radical in so much as it contains one or more triple bonds, such radicals containing about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably having from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably having 3 to about 6 carbon atoms. Said alkynyl radicals may be optionally substituted with groups as defined below. Examples of suitable alkynyl radicals include ethynyl, propynyl, hydroxypropynyl, butyn-1-yl, butyn-2-yl, pentyn-1-yl, pentyn-2-yl, 4-methoxypentyn-2-yl, 3-methylbutyn-1-yl, hexyn-1-yl, hexyn-2-yl, hexyn-3-yl, 3,3-dimethylbutyn-1-yl radicals and the like.

The term “hydrido” denotes a single hydrogen atom (H). This hydrido radical may be attached, for example, to an oxygen atom to form a “hydroxyl” radical, one hydrido radical may be attached to a carbon atom to form a “methine” radical —CH═, or two hydrido radicals may be attached to a carbon atom to form a “methylene” (—CH₂—) radical.

The term “carbon” radical denotes a carbon atom without any covalent bonds and capable of forming four covalent bonds.

The term “cyano” radical denotes a carbon radical having three of four covalent bonds shared by a nitrogen atom.

The term “hydroxyalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with a hydroxyl as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl and polyhydroxyalkyl radicals.

The term “alkanoyl” embraces radicals wherein one or more of the terminal alkyl carbon atoms are substituted with one or more carbonyl radicals as defined below. Specifically embraced are monocarbonylalkyl and dicarbonylalkyl radicals. Examples of monocarbonylalkyl radicals include formyl, acetyl, and pentanoyl. Examples of dicarbonylalkyl radicals include oxalyl, malonyl, and succinyl.

The term “alkylene” radical denotes linear or branched radicals having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and having attachment points for two or more covalent bonds. Examples of such radicals are methylene, ethylene, methylethylene, and isopropylidene.

The term “alkenylene” radical denotes linear or branched radicals having from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and having attachment points for two or more covalent bonds. Examples of such radicals are 1,1-vinylidene (CH₂═C), 1,2-vinylidene (—CH═CH—), and 1,4-butadienyl (—CH═CH—CH═CH—).

The term “halo” means halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms.

The term “haloalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl radicals. A monohaloalkyl radical, for one example, may have either a bromo, chloro or a fluoro atom within the radical. Dihalo radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhaloalkyl radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals. More preferred haloalkyl radicals are “lower haloalkyl” radicals having one to about six carbon atoms. Examples of such haloalkyl radicals include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl.

The term “hydroxyhaloalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the haloalkyl carbon atoms is substituted with hydroxy as defined above. Examples of “hydroxyhaloalkyl” radicals include hexafluorohydroxypropyl.

The term “haloalkylene radical” denotes alkylene radicals wherein any one or more of the alkylene carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Dihalo alkylene radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhaloalkylene radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals. More preferred haloalkylene radicals are “lower haloalkylene” radicals having one to about six carbon atoms. Examples of “haloalkylene” radicals include difluoromethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, alkyl substituted monofluoromethylene, and aryl substituted trifluoromethylene.

The term “haloalkenyl” denotes linear or branched radicals having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and having one or more double bonds wherein any one or more of the alkenyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Dihaloalkenyl radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhaloalkenyl radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals.

The terms “alkoxy” and “alkoxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having alkyl portions of one to about ten carbon atoms, such as methoxy radical. The term “alkoxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more alkoxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monoalkoxyalkyl and dialkoxyalkyl radicals. More preferred alkoxy radicals are “lower alkoxy” radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, isopropoxy and tert-butoxy alkyls. The “alkoxy” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkoxy” and “haloalkoxyalkyl” radicals. Examples of such haloalkoxy radicals include fluoromethoxy, chloromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, fluoroethoxy, tetrafluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, and fluoropropoxy. Examples of such haloalkoxyalkyl radicals include fluoromethoxymethyl, chloromethoxyethyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl, difluoromethoxyethyl, and trifluoroethoxymethyl.

The terms “alkenyloxy” and “alkenyloxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having alkenyl portions of two to about ten carbon atoms, such as ethenyloxy or propenyloxy radical. The term “alkenyloxyalkyl” also embraces alkenyl radicals having one or more alkenyloxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monoalkenyloxyalkyl and dialkenyloxyalkyl radicals. More preferred alkenyloxy radicals are “lower alkenyloxy” radicals having two to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include ethenyloxy, propenyloxy, butenyloxy, and isopropenyloxy alkyls. The “alkenyloxy” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkenyloxy” radicals. Examples of such radicals include trifluoroethenyloxy, fluoroethenyloxy, difluoroethenyhloxy, and fluoropropenyloxy.

The term “haloalkoxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more haloalkoxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monohaloalkoxyalkyl and dihaloalkoxyalkyl radicals. The term “haloalkenyloxy” also embraces oxygen radicals having one or more haloalkenyloxy radicals attached to the oxygen radical, that is, to form monohaloalkenyloxy and dihaloalkenyloxy radicals. The term “haloalkenyloxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more haloalkenyloxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monohaloalkenyloxyalkyl and dihaloalkenyloxyalkyl radicals.

The term “alkylenedioxy” radicals denotes alkylene radicals having at least two oxygens bonded to a single alkylene group. Examples of “alkylenedioxy” radicals include methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, alkylsubstituted methylenedioxy, and arylsubstituted methylenedioxy. The term “haloalkylenedioxy” radicals denotes haloalkylene radicals having at least two oxy groups bonded to a single haloalkyl group. Examples of “haloalkylenedioxy” radicals include difluoromethylenedioxy, tetrafluoroethylenedioxy, tetrachloroethylenedioxy, alkylsubstituted monofluoromethylenedioxy, and arylsubstituted monofluoromethylenedioxy.

The term “aryl”, alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromatic system containing one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a pendant manner or may be fused. The term “fused” means that a second ring is present (ie, attached or formed) by having two adjacent atoms in common (ie, shared) with the first ring. The term “fused” is equivalent to the term “condensed”. The term “aryl” embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indane and biphenyl.

The term “perhaloaryl” embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indane and biphenyl wherein the aryl radical is substituted with 3 or more halo radicals as defined below.

The term “heterocyclyl” embraces saturated and partially saturated heteroatom-containing ring-shaped radicals having from 4 through 15 ring members, herein referred to as “C4-C15 heterocyclyl”, selected from carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, wherein at least one ring atom is a heteroatom. Heterocyclyl radicals may contain one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached in a pendant manner or may be fused. Examples of saturated heterocyclic radicals include saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocylic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms[e.g. pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidino, piperazinyl, etc.]; saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g. morpholinyl, etc.]; saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., thiazolidinyl, etc.]. Examples of partially saturated heterocyclyl radicals include dihydrothiophene, dihydropyran, dihydrofuran and dihydrothiazole. Non-limiting examples of heterocyclic radicals include 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, pyrrolindinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, piperidinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, 1,4-dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, and the like.

The term “heteroaryl” embraces fully unsaturated heteroatom-containing ring-shaped aromatic radicals having from 5 through 15 ring members selected from carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, wherein at least one ring atom is a heteroatom. Heteroaryl radicals may contain one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached in a pendant manner or may be fused. Examples of “heteroaryl” radicals, include unsaturated 5 to 6 membered heteromonocyclyl group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl [e.g., 4H-1,2,4triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl, etc.] tetrazolyl [e.g. 1H-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyl, etc.], etc.; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl [e.g., tetrazolo [1,5-b]pyridazinyl, etc.], etc.; unsaturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, for example, pyranyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, etc.; unsaturated 5 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing a sulfur atom, for example, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, etc.; unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl [e.g., 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, etc.] etc.; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g. benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc.]; unsaturated 5 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl [e.g., 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, etc.] etc.; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, etc.] and the like. The term also embraces radicals where heterocyclic radicals are fused with aryl radicals. Examples of such fused bicyclic radicals include benzofuran, benzothiophene, and the like. Said “heterocyclyl” group may have 1 to 3 substituents as defined below. Preferred heterocyclic radicals include five to twelve membered fused or unfused radicals. Non-limiting examples of heteroaryl radicals include pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyridyloxy, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, tetrazolyl, 2-imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,3,4thiadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, benzo(b)thiophenyl, benzimidazoyl, quinolinyl, tetraazolyl, and the like.

The term “sulfonyl”, whether used alone or linked to other terms such as alkylsulfonyl, denotes respectively divalent radicals —SO₂—. “Alkylsulfonyl”, embraces alkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. “Alkylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces alkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. “Haloalkylsulfonyl”, embraces haloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where haloalkyl is defined as above. “Haloalkylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces haloalkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. The term “aminosulfonyl” denotes an amino radical attached to a sulfonyl radical.

The term “sulfinyl”, whether used alone or linked to other terms such as alkylsulfinyl, denotes respectively divalent radicals —S(O)—. “Alkylsulfinyl”, embraces alkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. “Alkylsulfinylalkyl”, embraces alkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. “Haloalkylsulfinyl”, embraces haloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where haloalkyl is defined as above. “Haloalkylsulfinylalkyl”, embraces haloalkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “aralkyl” embraces aryl-substituted alkyl radicals. Preferable aralkyl radicals are “lower aralkyl” radicals having aryl radicals attached to alkyl radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, phenylethyl and diphenylethyl. The terms benzyl and phenylmethyl are interchangeable.

The term “heteroaralkyl” embraces heteroaryl-substituted alkyl radicals wherein the heteroaralkyl radical may be additionally substituted with three or more substituents as defined above for aralkyl radicals. The term “perhaloaralkyl” embraces aryl-substituted alkyl radicals wherein the aralkyl radical is substituted with three or more halo radicals as defined above.

The term “aralkylsulfinyl”, embraces aralkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where aralkyl is defined as above. “Aralkylsulfinylalkyl”, embraces aralkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “aralkylsulfonyl”, embraces aralkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where aralkyl is defined as above. “Aralkylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces aralkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “cycloalkyl” embraces radicals having three to 15 carbon atoms. More preferred cycloalkyl radicals are “lower cycloalkyl” radicals having three to seven carbon atoms. Examples include radicals such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl. The term cycloalkyl embraces radicals having seven to 15 carbon atoms and having two to four rings. Examples include radicals such as norbomyl (i.e., bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl) and adamantyl. The term “cycloalkylalkyl” embraces cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl radicals. Preferable cycloalkylalkyl radicals are “lower cycloalkylalkyl” radicals having cycloalkyl radicals attached to alkyl radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include cyclohexylhexyl. The term “cycloalkenyl” embraces radicals having three to ten carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Preferred cycloalkenyl radicals are “lower cycloalkenyl” radicals having three to seven carbon atoms. Examples include radicals such as cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl and cycloheptenyl. The term “halocycloalkyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the cycloalkyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohalocycloalkyl, dihalocycloalkyl and polyhalocycloalkyl radicals. A monohalocycloalkyl radical, for one example, may have either a bromo, chloro or a fluoro atom within the radical. Dihalo radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhalocycloalkyl radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals. More preferred halocycloalkyl radicals are “lower halocycloalkyl” radicals having three to about eight carbon atoms. Examples of such halocycloalkyl radicals include fluorocyclopropyl, difluorocyclobutyl, trifluorocyclopentyl, tetrafluorocyclohexyl, and dichlorocyclopropyl. The term “halocycloalkenyl” embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the cycloalkenyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohalocycloalkenyl, dihalocycloalkenyl and polyhalocycloalkenyl radicals.

The term “cycloalkoxy” embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to an oxy radical. Examples of such radicals includes cyclohexoxy and cyclopentoxy. The term “cycloalkoxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more cycloalkoxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monocycloalkoxyalkyl and dicycloalkoxyalkyl radicals. Examples of such radicals include cyclohexoxyethyl. The “cycloalkoxy” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “halocycloalkoxy” and “halocycloalkoxyalkyl” radicals.

The term “cycloalkylalkoxy” embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to an alkoxy radical. Examples of such radicals includes cyclohexylmethoxy and cyclopentylmethoxy.

The term “cycloalkenyloxy” embraces cycloalkenyl radicals attached to an oxy radical. Examples of such radicals includes cyclohexenyloxy and cyclopentenyloxy. The term “cycloalkenyloxyalkyl” also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more cycloalkenyloxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monocycloalkenyloxyalkyl and dicycloalkenyloxyalkyl radicals. Examples of such radicals include cyclohexenyloxyethyl. The “cycloalkenyloxy” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “halocycloalkenyloxy” and “halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl” radicals.

The term “cycloalkylenedioxy” radicals denotes cycloalkylene radicals having at least two oxygens bonded to a single cycloalkylene group. Examples of “alkylenedioxy” radicals include 1,2-dioxycyclohexylene.

The term “cycloalkylsulfinyl”, embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where cycloalkyl is defined as above. “Cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl”, embraces cycloalkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. The term “Cycloalkylsulfonyl”, embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where cycloalkyl is defined as above. “Cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces cycloalkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “cycloalkylalkanoyl” embraces radicals wherein one or more of the cycloalkyl carbon atoms are substituted with one or more carbonyl radicals as defined below. Specifically embraced are monocarbonylcycloalkyl and dicarbonylcycloalkyl radicals. Examples of monocarbonylcycloalkyl radicals include cyclohexylcarbonyl, cyclohexylacetyl, and cyclopentylcarbonyl. Examples of dicarbonylcycloalkyl radicals include 1,2-dicarbonylcyclohexane.

The term “alkylthio” embraces radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms, attached to a divalent sulfur atom.

More preferred alkylthio radicals are “lower alkylthio” radicals having one to six carbon atoms. An example of “lower alkylthio” is methylthio (CH₃—S—). The “alkylthio” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkylthio” radicals. Examples of such radicals include fluoromethylthio, chloromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, trifluoroethylthio, fluoroethylthio, tetrafluoroethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, and fluoropropylthio.

The term “alkyl aryl amino” embraces radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms, and one aryl radical both attached to an amino radical. Examples include N-methyl-4-methoxyaniline, N-ethyl-4-methoxyaniline, and N-methyl-4-trifluoromethoxyaniline.

The terms alkylamino denotes “monoalkylamino” and “dialkylamino” containing one or two alkyl radicals, respectively, attached to an amino radical.

The terms arylamino denotes “monoarylamino” and “diarylamino” containing one or two aryl radicals, respectively, attached to an amino radical. Examples of such radicals include N-phenylamino and N-naphthylamino.

The term “aralkylamino”, embraces aralkyl radicals attached to an amino radical, where aralkyl is defined as above. The term aralkylamino denotes “monoaralkylamino” and “diaralkylamino” containing one or two aralkyl radicals, respectively, attached to an amino radical. The term aralkylamino further denotes “monoaralkyl monoalkylamino” containing one aralkyl radical and one alkyl radical attached to an amino radical.

The term “arylsulfinyl” embraces radicals containing an aryl radical, as defined above, attached to a divalent S(O) atom. The term “arylsulfinylalkyl” denotes arylsulfinyl radicals attached to a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms.

The term “arylsulfonyl”, embraces aryl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where aryl is defined as above. “arylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces arylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above. The term “heteroarylsulfinyl” embraces radicals containing an heteroaryl radical, as defined above, attached to a divalent S(O) atom. The term “heteroarylsulfinylalkyl” denotes heteroarylsulfinyl radicals attached to a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms. The term “Heteroarylsulfonyl”, embraces heteroaryl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where heteroaryl is defined as above. “Heteroarylsulfonylalkyl”, embraces heteroarylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.

The term “aryloxy” embraces aryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an oxygen atom. Examples of such radicals include phenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy, 3-chloro-4-ethylphenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-cyclopropylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenoxy, and 4-tert-butylphenoxy.

The term “aroyl” embraces aryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include benzoyl and toluoyl.

The term “aralkanoyl” embraces aralkyl radicals, as defined herein, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include, for example, phenylacetyl.

The term “aralkoxy” embraces oxy-containing aralkyl radicals attached through an oxygen atom to other radicals. More preferred aralkoxy radicals are “lower aralkoxy” radicals having phenyl radicals attached to lower alkoxy radical as described above. Examples of such radicals include benzyloxy, 1-phenylethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-difluorobenyloxy, 3-bromobenzyloxy, 4-propylbenzyloxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 2-phenylethoxy.

The term “aryloxyalkyl” embraces aryloxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include phenoxymethyl.

The term “haloaryloxyalkyl” embraces aryloxyalkyl radicals, as defined above, wherein one to five halo radicals are attached to an aryloxy group.

The term “heteroaroyl” embraces heteroaryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include furoyl and nicotinyl.

The term “heteroaralkanoyl” embraces heteroaralkyl radicals, as defined herein, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include, for example, pyridylacetyl and furylbutyryl.

The term “heteroaralkoxy” embraces oxy-containing heteroaralkyl radicals attached through an oxygen atom to other radicals. More preferred heteroaralkoxy radicals are “lower heteroaralkoxy” radicals having heteroaryl radicals attached to lower alkoxy radical as described above.

The term “haloheteroaryloxyalkyl” embraces heteroaryloxyalkyl radicals, as defined above, wherein one to four halo radicals are attached to an heteroaryloxy group.

The term “heteroarylamino” embraces heterocyclyl radicals, as defined above, attached to an amino group. Examples of such radicals include pyridylamino.

The term “heteroarylaminoalkyl” embraces heteroarylamino radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include pyridylmethylamino.

The term “heteroaryloxy” embraces heterocyclyl radicals, as defined above, attached to an oxy group. Examples of such radicals include 2-thiophenyloxy, 2-pyrimidyloxy, 2-pyridyloxy, 3-pyridyloxy, and 4 -pyridyloxy.

The term “heteroaryloxyalkyl” embraces heteroaryloxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include 2-pyridyloxymethyl, 3-pyridyloxyethyl, and 4-pyridyloxymethyl.

The term “arylthio” embraces aryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an sulfur atom. Examples of such radicals include phenylthio.

The term “arylthioalkyl” embraces arylthio radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include phenylthiomethyl.

The term “alkylthioalkyl” embraces alkylthio radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include methylthiomethyl. The term “alkoxyalkyl” embraces alkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include methoxymethyl.

The term “carbonyl” denotes a carbon radical having two of the four covalent bonds shared with an oxygen atom. The term “carboxy” embraces a hydroxyl radical, as defined above, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group. The term “carboxamide” embraces amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, monocycloalkylamino, alkylcycloalkylamino, and dicycloalkylamino radicals, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group. The term “carboxamidoalkyl” embraces carboxamide radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “carboxyalkyl” embraces a carboxy radical, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “carboalkoxy” embraces alkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group. The term “carboaralkoxy” embraces aralkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group. The term “monocarboalkoxyalkyl” embraces one carboalkoxy radical, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “dicarboalkoxyalkyl” embraces two carboalkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkylene group. The term “monocyanoalkyl” embraces one cyano radical, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “dicyanoalkylene” embraces two cyano radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. The term “carboalkoxycyanoalkyl” embraces one cyano radical, as defined above, attached to an carboalkoxyalkyl group.

The term “acyl”, alone or in combination, means a carbonyl or thionocarbonyl group bonded to a radical selected from, for example, hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylthio, arylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aralkoxy, arylthio, and alkylthioalkyl. Examples of “acyl” are formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, trifluoroacetyl, phthaloyl, malonyl, nicotinyl, and the like. The term “haloalkanoyl” embraces one or more halo radicals, as defined herein, attached to an alkanoyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include, for example, chloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, bromopropanoyl, and heptafluorobutanoyl.

The term “phosphono” embraces a pentavalent phosphorus attached with two covalent bonds to an oxygen radical. The term “dialkoxyphosphono” denotes two alkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to a phosphono radical with two covalent bonds. The term “diaralkoxyphosphono” denotes two aralkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to a phosphono radical with two covalent bonds. The term “dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl” denotes dialkoxyphosphono radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl radical. The term “diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl” denotes diaralkoxyphosphono radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl radical.

The term “amino” denotes a nitrogen atom containing two substituents such as hydrido, hydroxy or alkyl and having one covalent bond available for bonding to a single atom such as carbon. Examples of such amino radicals include, for example, —NH₂, —NHCH₃, —NHOH, and —NHOCH₃. The term “imino” denotes a nitrogen atom containing one substituent such as hydrido, hydroxy or alkyl and having two covalent bonds available for bonding to a single atom such as carbon. Examples of such imino radicals include, for example, ═NH, ═NCH₃, ═NOH, and ═NOCH₃. The term “imino carbonyl” denotes a carbon radical having two of the four covalent bond sites shared with an imino group. Examples of such imino carbonyl radicals include, for example, C═NH, C═NCH₃, C═NOH, and C═NOCH₃. The term “amnidino” embraces a substituted or unsubstituted amino group bonded to one of two available bonds of an iminocarbonyl radical. Examples of such amidino radicals include, for example, NH₂—C═NH, NH₂—C═NCH₃, NH₂—C═NOCH₃ and CH₃NH—C═NOH. The term “guanidino” denotes an amidino group bonded to an amino group as defined above where said amino group can be bonded to a third group. Examples of such guanidino radicals include, for example, NH₂—C(NH)—NH—, NH₂—C(NCH₃)—NH—, NH₂—C(NOCH₃)—NH—, and CH₃NH—C(NOH)—NH—.

The term “sulfonium” denotes a positively charged trivalent sulfur atom where said sulfur is substituted with three carbon based groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, or aryl. The term “dialkyl sulfonium” denotes a sulfonium group where said sulfur is substituted with two alkyl groups. Examples of such dialkylsulfonium radicals include, for example, (CH₃)₂S⁺—. The term “dialkyl sulfonium alkyl” denotes a dialkyl sulfonium group where said group is bonded to one bond of an alkylene group as defined above. Examples of such dialkylsulfoniumalkyl radicals include (CH₃)₂S⁺—CH₂CH₂—.

The term “phosphonium” denotes a positively charged tetravalent phosphorus atom where said phosphorus is substituted with four carbon based groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, or aryl. The term “trialkyl phosphonium” denotes a phosphonium croup where said phosphorus is substituted with three alkyl groups. Examples of such trialkylphosphonium radicals include, for example, (CH₃)₃P⁺.

Said “alkyl”, “alkenyl”, “alkynyl”, “alkanoyl”, “alkylene”, “alkenylene”, “hydroxyalkyl”, “haloalkyl”, “haloalkylene”, “haloalkenyl”, “alkoxy”, “alkenyloxy”, “alkenyloxyalkyl”, “alkoxyalkyl”, “aryl”, “perhaloaryl”, “haloalkoxy”, “haloalkoxyalkyl”, “haloalkenyloxy”, “haloalkenyloxyalkyl”, “alkylenedioxy”, “haloalkylenedioxy”, “heterocyclyl”, “heteroaryl”, “hydroxyhaloalkyl”, “alkylsulfonyl”, “haloalkylsulfonyl”, “alkylsulfonylalkyl”, “haloalkylsulfonylalkyl”, “alkylsulfinyl”, “alkylsulfinylalkyl”, “haloalkylsulfinylalkyl”, “aralkyl”, “heteroaralkyl”, “perhaloaralkyl”, “aralkylsulfonyl”, “aralkylsulfonylalkyl”, “aralkyl sulfinyl”, “aralkylsulfinylalkyl”, “cycloalkyl”, “cycloalkylalkanoyl”, “cycloalkylalkyl”, “cycloalkenyl”, “halocycloalkyl”, “halocycloalkenyl”, “cycloalkylsulfinyl”, “cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl”, “cycloalkylsulfonyl”, “cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl”, “cycloalkoxy”, “cycloalkoxyalkyl”, “cycloalkylalkoxy”, “cycloalkenyloxy”, “cycloalkenyloxyalkyl”, “cycloalkylenedioxy”, “halocycloalkoxy”, “halocycloalkoxyalkyl”, “halocycloalkenyloxy”, “halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl”, “alkylthio”, “haloalkylthio”, “alkylsulfinyl”, “amino”, “oxy”, “thio”, “alkylamino”, “arylamino”, “aralkylamino”, “arylsulfinyl”, “arylsulfinylalkyl”, “arylsulfonyl”, “arylsulfonylalkyl”, “heteroarylsulfinyl”, “heteroarylsulfinylalkyl”, “heteroarylsulfonyl”, “heteroarylsulfonylalkyl”, “heteroarylarnino”, “heteroarylaminoalkyl”, “heteroaryloxy”, “heteroaryloxylalkyl”, “aryloxy”, “aroyl”, “aralkanoyl”, “aralkoxy”, “aryloxyalkyl”, “haloaryloxyalkyl”, “heteroaroyl”, “heteroaralkanoyl”, “heteroaralkoxy”, “heteroaralkoxyalkyl”, “arylthio”, “arylthioalkyl”, “alkoxyalkyl”, “acyl”, “amidino”, “guanidino”, “dialkylsulfonium”, “trialkylphosphonium”, and “dialkylsulfoniumalkyl” groups defined above may optionally have 1 or more non-hydrido substituents such as amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxylalkyl, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkanoyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl.

The term “spacer” can include a covalent bond and a linear moiety having a backbone of 1 to 7 contiguous atoms. The spacer may have 1 to 7 atoms of a univalent or multi-valent chain. Univalent chains may be constituted by a radical selected from ═C(H)—, ═C(R^(2a))—, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —NH—, —N(R^(2a))—, —N═, —CH(OH)—, ═C(OH)—, —CH(OR^(2a))—, ═C(OR^(2a))—, and —C(O)— wherein R^(2a) is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, perhaloaralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, and heteroarylalkenyl. Multi-valent chains may consist of a straight chain of 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 atoms or a straight chain of 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 atoms with a side chain. The chain may be constituted of one or more radicals selected from: lower alkylene, lower alkenyl, —O—, —O—CH₂—, —S—CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, ethenyl, —CH═CH(OH)—, —OCH₂O—, —O(CH₂)₂O—, —NHCH₂—, —OCH(R^(2a))O—, —O(CH₂CHR^(2a))O—, —OCF₂O—, —O(CF₂)₂O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —N(H)—, —N(H)O—, —N(R^(2a))O—, —N(R^(2a))—, —C(O)—, —C(O)NH—, —C(O)NR^(2a)—, —N═, —OCH₂—, —SCH₂—, S(O)CH₂—, —CH₂C(O)—, —CH(OH)—, ═C(OH)—, —CH(OR^(2a))—, ═C(OR^(2a))—, S(O)₂CH₂—, and —NR^(2a)CH₂— and many other radicals defined above or generally known or ascertained by one of skill-in-the art. Side chains may include substituents such as 1 or more non-hydrido substituents such as amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroarylaminoalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxylalkyl, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkoxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxyalkyl, cycloalkylenedioxy, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxy, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, hydroxy, amino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylamino, aralkylamino, arylthio, arylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylsulfinylalkyl, heteroarylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, monoalkyl amidosulfonyl, dialkyl amidosulfonyl, monoarylamidosulfonyl, arylsulfonamido, diarylamidosulfonyl, monoalkyl monoaryl amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylthio, heteroarylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkenyloxyalky, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylenedioxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, lower cycloalkylalkyl, lower cycloalkenylalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyaralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, hydoxyheteroaralkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, beteroaryloxyalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboaralkoxy, carboxamido, carboxamidoalkyl, cyano, carbohaloalkoxy, phosphono, phosphonoalkyl, diaralkoxyphosphono, and diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl.

Compounds of the present invention can exist in tautomeric, geometric or stereoisomeric forms. The present invention contemplates all such compounds, including cis- and trans-geometric isomers, E- and Z-geometric isomers, R- and S-enantiomers, diastereomers, d-isomers, l-isomers, the racemic mixtures thereof and other mixtures thereof, as falling within the scope of the invention. Pharmaceutically acceptable sales of such tautomeric, geometric or stereoisomeric forms are also included within the invention.

The terms “cis” and “trans” denote a form of geometric isomerism in which two carbon atoms connected by a double bond will each have a hydrogen atom on the same side of the double bond (“cis”) or on opposite sides of the double bond (“trans”).

Some of the compounds described contain alkenyl groups, and are meant to include both cis and trans or “E” and “Z” geometric forms.

Some of the compounds described contain one or more stereocenters and are meant to include R, S, and mixtures of R and S forms for each stereocenter present.

Some of the compounds described herein may contain one or more ketonic or aldehydic carbonyl groups or combinations thereof alone or as part of a heterocyclic ring system. Such carbonyl groups may exist in part or principally in the “keto” form and in part or principally as one or more “enol” forms of each aldehyde and ketone group present. Compounds of the present invention having aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl groups are meant to include both “keto” and “enol” tautomeric forms.

Some of the compounds described herein may contain one or more amide carbonyl groups or combinations thereof alone or as part of a heterocyclic ring system. Such carbonyl groups may exist in part or principally in the “keto” form and in part or principally as one or more “enol” forms of each amide group present. Compounds of the present invention having amidic carbonyl groups are meant to include both “keto” and “enol” tautomeric forms. Said amide carbonyl groups may be both oxo (C═O) and thiono (C═S) in type.

Some of the compounds described herein may contain one or more imine or enamine groups or combinations thereof. Such groups may exist in part or principally in the “imine” form and in part or principally as one or more “enamine” forms of each group present. Compounds of the present invention having said imine or enamine groups are meant to include both “imine” and “enamine” tautomeric forms.

The present invention also comprises a treatment and prophylaxis in anticoagulant therapy for the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombotic conditions including coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject having such disorder a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

As a further embodiment, compounds of the present invention of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof as defined above, comprise a treatment and prophylaxis of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and other coagulation cascade related disorders in a subject, comprising administering to the subject having such disorder a therapeutically-effective amount of compounds of formula (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

Compounds of the present invention of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof can also be used whenever inhibition of blood coagulation is required such as to prevent coagulation of stored whole blood and to prevent coagulation in other biological samples for testing or storage. Thus coagulation inhibitors of the present inhibition can be added to or contacted with stored whole blood and any medium containing or suspected of containing plasma coagulation factors and in which it is desired that blood coagulation be inhibited, e.g. when contacting the mammal's blood with material selected from the group consisting of vascular grafts, stents, orthopedic prothesis, cardiac prosthesis, and extracorporeal circulation systems.

Compounds of Formula (I) are capable of inhibiting activity of serine proteases related to the coagulation cascade, and thus could be used in the manufacture of a medicament, a method for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of diseases mediated by coagulation cascade serine proteases, such as inhibiting the formation of blood platelet aggregates, inhibiting the formation of fibrin, inhibiting thrombus formation, and inhibiting embolus formation in a mammal, in blood, in blood products, and in mammalian organs. The compounds also can be used for treating or preventing unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, atrial fibrillation, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ocular build up of fibrin, and reocclusion or restenosis of recanalized vessels in a mammal. The compounds also can be used to study the mechanism of action of coagulation cascade serine proteases to enable the design of better inhibitors and development of better assay methods. The compounds of Formula (I) would be also useful in prevention of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or stroke.

Also included in the family of compounds of Formula (I) are the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof. The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salt” embraces salts commonly used to form alkali metal salts and to form addition salts of free acids or free bases. The nature of the salt is not critical, provided that it is pharmaceutically acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts of compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared from inorganic acid or from an organic acid. Examples of such inorganic acids are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, carbonic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid. Appropriate organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, examples of which are formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, glucoronic, maleic, fumaric, pyruvic, aspartic, glutamic, benzoic, anthranilic, mesylic, salicylic, p-hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic, mandelic, embonic (pamoic), methanesulfonic, ethylsulfonic, benzenesulfonic, sulfanilic, stearic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, algenic, galacturonic acid. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable base addition salts of compounds of Formula (I) include metallic salts made from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made from N,N′-dibenzylethyleneldiamine, choline, chloroprocaine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine (N-methylglucamine) and procain. All of these salts may be prepared by conventional means from the corresponding compound of Formula (I) by reacting, for example, the appropriate acid or base with the compound of Formula (I).

The present invention also comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formulas (I) in association with at least one pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, adjuvant or diluent. Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can comprise the active compounds of Formula (I) in association with one or more non-toxic, pharrnaceutically-acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants (collectively referred to herein as “carrier” materials) and, if desired, other active ingredients. The active compounds of the present invention may be administered by any suitable route, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatment intended.

The active compounds and composition may, for example, be administered orally, intravascularly, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, oculary, or topically. For treating ocular build up of fibrin, the compounds may be administered intraocularly or topically as well as orally or parenterally.

The compounds can be administered in the form of a depot injection or implant preparation which may be formulated in such a manner as to permit a sustained release of the active ingredient. The active ingredient can be compressed into pellets or small cylinders and implanted subcutaneously or intramusculary as depot injections or implants. Implants may employ inert materials such as biodegradable polymers or synthetic silicones, for example, Silastic, silicone rubber or other silicon containing polymers.

The compounds can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.

The compounds may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled. The compounds may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers. Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy-propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide-phenol, or ployethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, the compounds may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphitpathic block copolymers of hydrogels.

For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixers, tinctures, suspensions, liquids including syrups, and emulsions. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a particular amount of the active ingredient. Examples of such dosage units are tablets or capsules. The active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition wherein, for example, saline, dextrose or water may be used as a suitable carrier.

The amount of therapeutically active compounds which are administered and the dosage regimen for treating a disease condition with the compounds and/or compositions of this invention depends on a variety of factors, including the age, weight, sex and medical condition of the subject, the severity of the disease, the route and frequency of administration, and the particular compound employed, and thus may vary widely.

The pharmaceutical compositions may contain active ingredients in the range of about 0.1 to 2000 mg, and preferably in the range of about 0.5 to 500 mg. A daily dose of about 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight, and preferably between about 0.5 and about 20 mg/kg body weight, may be appropriate. The daily dose can be administered in one to four doses per day.

The compounds may be formulated in topical ointment or cream, or as a suppository, containing the active ingredients in a total amount of, for example, 0.075 to 30% w/w, preferably 0.2 to 20% w/w and most preferably 0.4 to 15% w/w. When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be employed with either paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base.

Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base. If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol such as propylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. The topical formulation may desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethylsulfoxide and related analogs. The compounds of this invention can also be administered by a transdermal device. Preferably topical administration will be accomplished using a patch either of the reservoir and porous membrane type or of a solid matrix variety. In either case, the active agent is delivered continuously from the reservoir or microcapsules through a membrane into the active agent permeable adhesive, which is in contact with the skin or mucosa of the recipient. If the active agent is absorbed through the skin, a controlled and predetermined flow of the active agent is administered to the recipient In the case of microcapsules, the encapsulating agent may also function as the membrane.

The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier, it may comprise a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make-up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations. Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the present invention include Tween 60, Span 80, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and sodium lauryl sulfate, among others.

The choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties, since the solubility of the active compound in most oils likely to be used in pharmaceutical emulsion formulations is very low. Thus, the cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non-staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers. Straight or branched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as diisoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters may be used. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils can be used.

For therapeutic purposes, the active compounds of the present invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate to the indicated route of administration. If administered per os, the compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted or encapsulated for convenient administration. Such capsules or tablets may contain a controlled-release formulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. Formulations for parenteral administration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration. The compounds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art.

In practicing the methods of the present invention for the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombotic conditions including coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease, the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are administered alone or in combination with one another, or in combination with other therapeutics or in vivo diagnostic agents. The coagulation cascade inhibitors of the present invention can also be co-administered with suitable anti-platelet agreggation agents, including, but not limited to ticlopidine or clopidrogel, fibrinogen receptor antagonists (e.g. to treat or prevent unstable angina or to prevent reocculsion after angioplasty and restenosis), anti-coagul ants such as aspirin, warfarin or heparins, thrombolytic agents such as plasminogen activators or streptokinase to achieve synergistic effects in the treatment of various pathologies, lipid lowering agents including antihypercholesterolemics (e.g. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors such as mevastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin, HMG CoA synthatase inhibitors, etc.), anti-diabetic drugs, or other cardiovascular agents (loop diuretics, thiazide type diuretics, nitrates, aldosterone antagonistics (i.e., spironolactone and epoxymexlerenone), angiotensin converting enzyme (e.g. ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, beta-blockers, antiarrythimics, anti-hypertension agents, and calcium channel blockers) to treat or prevent atheriosclerosis. For example, patients suffering from coronary artery disease, and patients subjected to angioplasty procedures, would benefit from coadministration of fibrinogen receptor antagonists and coagulation cascade inhibitors of the present invention. Also, coagulation cascade inhibitors could enhance the efficiency of tissue plasminogen activator-mediated thrombolytic reperfusion.

Typical doses of coagulation cascade inhibitors of the present invention with other suitable anti-platelet agents, anticoagulation agents, cardiovascular therapeutic agents, or thrombolytic agents may be the same as those doses of coagulation cascade inhibitors administered without coadministration of additional anti-platelet agents, anticoagulation agents, cardiovascular therapeutic agents, or thrombolytic agents, or may be substantially less than those doses of coagulation cascade inhibitors administered without coadministration of additional anti-platelet agents, anticoagulation agents, cardiovascular therapeutic agents, or thrombolytic agents, depending on a patient's therapeutic needs.

All mentioned references are incorporated by reference as if here written.

Although this invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments, the details of these embodiments are not to be construed as limitations. The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding descriptions, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. Therefore the following preferred specific embodiments are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. Compounds containing multiple variations of the structural modifications illustrated in the schemes or the following Examples are also contemplated. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds.

One skilled in the art may use these generic methods to prepare the following specific examples, which have been or may be properly characterized by ¹H NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental composition, and similar procedures. These compounds also may be formed in vivo. The following examples contain detailed descriptions of the methods of preparation of compounds of Formula (I). These detailed descriptions fall within the scope and are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not intended as a restriction on the scope of the invention. All parts are by weight and temperatures are Degrees centigrade unless otherwise indicated.

The following general synthetic sequences are useful in making the present invention. Abbreviations used in the schemes and tables include: “AA” represents amino acids, “AcCN” represents acetonitrile, “AcOH” represents acetic acid, “BINAP” represents 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, “BnOH” represents benzyl alcohol, “BnCHO” represents 2-phenylethanal, “BnSO₂Cl” represents benzylsulfonyl chloride, “Boc” represents tert-butyloxycarbonyl, “BOP” represents benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino), “bu” represents butyl, “dba” represents dibenzylidene-acetone, “DCC” represents 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, “DCM” represents dichloromethane or methylene chloride, “DIBAH” or “DIBAL” represents diisobutylaluminum hydride, “DMF” represents dimethylformamide, “DMSO” represents dimethylsulfoxide, “DPPA” represents diphenylphosphoryl azide”, “EDC” represents 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, “Ex. No.” represents Example Number, “Fmoc” represents 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, “HOBt” represents hydroxybenzoltriazole”,“LDA” represents lithium diisopropylamide, “MW” represents molecular weight “NMM” represents N-methylmorpholine, “Ph” represents phenyl or aryl, “PHTH” represents a phthaloyl group, “pnZ” represents 4-nitrobenzyloxy-carbonyl, “PTC” represents a phase transfer catalyst, “py” represents pyridine, “RNH₂” represents a primary organic amine, “SEM” represents 2-(trimethylsilyl) ethoxy-methyl chloride, “p-TsOH” represents paratoluenesulfonic acid, “TBAF” represents tetrabutylammonium fluoride, “TBTU” represents 2-(1H-benzotriozole-1-yl)- 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl uronium tetrafluoroborate, “TEA” represents triethylamine, “TFA” represents trifluoroacetic acid, “THF” represents tetrahydrofuran, “TMS” represents trimethylsilyl, “TMSCN” represents trimethylsilyl cyanide, and “Cbz” or “Z” represents benzyloxycarbonyl.

General Synthetic Procedures and Specific EXAMPLES

The general synthetic approach to substituted uracils (i.e., pyrimidinediones) is shown in Scheme 1 below. Several N-1 substituted pyrimidinediones have been previously prepared, disclosed, and are useful intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of this invention. Stirring a solution of such a N-1 substituted pyrimidinedione and an α-haloacetate in dimethylsulfoxide, in the presence of potassium carbonate results in alkylation of the N-3 nitrogen. Reduction of the nitro functional group to the primary amine is easily accomplished with catalytic palladium on carbon in an atmosphere of hydrogen. The primary amine can then be reacted with a variety of raw materials including, but not limited to, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, sulfonyl chlorides, alkyl and aromatic halides, aldehydes, and ketones. The acetate ester can then be hydrolyzed to the acid with lithium hydroxide. The acid can then be coupled with a wide range of desired amines under standard peptide coupling conditions to give an amide. The amines used in the process of this invention are typically multi-functional and are reacted in protected form. Removal of these protecting Groups provides the compounds of the present invention.

This general uracil (i.e., pyrimidinedione) synthetic scheme is exemplified in Examples 1 and 2 below.

Example 1

EX-1A) A solution of 1-benzyl-5-nitro-2,4(1H,3H) pyrimidinedione (6.14 g, 24.82 mmol) prepared as described by Vampa, G. and Pecorari P. Boll. Chim. Farm. 1987, 126, 467-469 was dissolved in 100 mL dimethylsulfoxide and potassium dicarbonate (3.78 g, 27.34 mmol) was added in one portion with stirring. After approximately 10 minutes a solution of methyl bromoacetate (2.50 mL, 26.40 mmol) in 20 mL dimethylsulfoxide was added drop wise over a 10 minute period. The reaction mixture was then heated to 40° C. and allowed to stir for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (500 mL). The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (4×100 mL). The combined organic solutions were washed with water (1×150 mL), brine (2×150 mL). The organic solution was dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated to give an oil. The crude oil was purified by MPLC (20% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give pure 1-Benzyl-3-methoxycarbonyl -methyl-5-nitro-2,4(1H,3H)pyrimidinedione (EX-1A) as a white solid in 81% yield: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.73 (s, 1H) 7.38-7.30 (m, 5H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.69 (s, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H); HRMS (ES) calcd for C₁₄H₁₃N₃O₆ 319.0804, found 319.0797.

EX-1B) A solution of 1-Benzyl-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-5-nitro-2,4(1H,3H) pyrimidinedione (EX-1A; 6.30 g, 19.74 mmol) in 100.0 mL methanol was degassed with hydrogen gas. The solution was then added 5% Pd/C (0.737 g) and allowed to stir under an atmosphere of hydrogen at room temperature for 24 hours. The crude reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite 545 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The oil was purified by MPLC (60% Ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give pure 5-amino-1-Benzyl-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (EX-1B) in 63% yield as a tan solid: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ7.41-7.28 (m, 5H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.93 (s, 2H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 4.32 (s, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H); HRMS (ES) calcd for C₁₄H₁₆N₃O₄ 290.1141, found 290.1138.

EX-1C) A solution of 5-amino-1-Benzyl-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4(1H,3H) pyrimidinedione (EX-1B; 3.12 g, 10.77 mmol) in 18.0 mL of tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide (1:1, 0.62M) was added N-methyl morpholine (3.60 mL, 32.74 mmol) in one portion at room temperature. The resulting mixture was cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath and was allowed to stir for 15 minutes. A solution of benzylsulfonyl chloride (2.26 g, 11.86 mmol) in 18.0 mL tetrahydrofuran was added drop wise over a 30 minute period. After the addition was complete the reaction was stirred for 3 hours at 0° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (250.0 mL) and washed with 1N HCl ((2×50 mL), saturated NaHCO3 (2×50 mL), and brine (2×50 mL). The organic solution was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. Trituration with ethyl acetate and hexanes gave pure 1-Benzyl-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-5-[[(phenylmethyl)sulfonyl]amino]-2,4(1H ,3H)pyrimidinedione (EX-1C) in 74% yield as a white solid: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ9.16 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.37 (m, 10H ), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H);

HRMS (ES) calcd for C₂₁H₂₂N₃O₆S 444.1229, found 444.1242.

EX-1D) A suspension of 1-benzyl-3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-5-[[(phenylmethyl) sulfonyl]amino]-2,4(1H,3H)pyrimidinedione (EX-1C; 3.28 g, 7.40 mmol) in 94.0 mL tetrahydrofuran and methanol (1: 1, 0.078 M) was added 30.0 mL of 0.1 M lithium hydroxide in water. The suspension quickly clears and becomes homogeneous. The reaction was stirred for 1 hour, and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The remaining aqueous solution was cooled in an ice bath and acidified to a pH of 1 with 1.0 N HCl which resulted in a white precipitate forming. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with 1.0 N HCl and water, and dried under vacuum to give pure 1-Benzyl-3-methylenecarboxy -5-[[(phenylmethyl) sulfonyl]amino]-2,4(1H,3H)pyrimidinedione (EX-1D) in 99% yield: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ9.14 (br s, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.35 (m, 10H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.45 (s, 2H); HRMS (ES) calcd for C₂₀H₁₉N₃O₆S 429.0995, found 429.0981.

EX-1E) A solution of 1-Benzyl-3-methylenecarboxy-5-[[(phenylmethyl)-sulfonyl]amino]-2,4(1H,3H)pyrimidinedione (EX-1D; 531.6 mg, 1.238 mmol) in 12.4 mL tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide (1:1, 0.1 M) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.10 mL, 6.315 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (499.6 mg, 3.697 mmol), and 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (717.2 mg, 3.741 mmol). The resulting mixture was allowed to stir for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then added amine (623.3 mg, 2.500 mmol) in one portion. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir over night. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) and washed with 5% citric acid (1×25 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ (1×25 mL), and brine (1×25 mL). The organic solution was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The crude reaction was purified by MPLC (75% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give the product EX-1E: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ9.13 (br s, 1H), 8.77 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.35 (m, 13H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.38 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 1.47 (s, 9H); HRMS (ES) calcd for C₃₃H₃₇N₆O₇S 661.2444, found 661.2448.

A flask of protected pyrimidinedione (EX-1E) (238.5 mg, 0.3610 mmol) was added 4.0 ml of 4 M HCl in dioxane. The resulting solution was allowed to stir overnight (approximately 18 hours). The solution was concentrated and the crude product was triturated from ethyl ether. The resulting white solid was collected by filtration, washed with ethyl ether and dried to give pure product: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ9.44 (s, 2H), 9.29 (s, 2H), 9.14 (s, 1H), 9.01-8.99 (m, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=7.9Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.37 (m, 14H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 4.45-4.41 (m, 2H), 3.58 (s, 2H); HRMS (ES) calcd for C₂₈H₂₉N₆O₅S 561.1920, found 561.1917.

Example 2

(EX-2A) A solution of 1-Benzyl-3-methylenecarboxy-5-[[(phenylmethyl) sulfonyl]amino]-2,4(1H ,3H)pyrimidinedione (439.8 mg, 1.024mmol) in 10.0 mL tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide (1:1,0.1M) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.80 mL, 10.30 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (169.3 mg, 1.253 mmol), and 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (238.2 mg, 1.243 mmol). The resulting mixture was allowed to stir for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was then added amnine (648.3 mg, 1.231 mmol) in one portion. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir over night. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with 5% citric acid (1×50 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ (1×50 mL), and brine (1×50 mL). The organic solution was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. The crude reaction was purified by MPLC (75% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to give the product EX-2A: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ9.09 (s, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.31 (m, 10H ), 6.68 (s, 1H), 5.44-5.43 (m, 1H ), 4.97 (s, 2H), 4.56 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 2H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.08 (br d, J=5.4 Hz, 3H), 2.91 (s, 1H), 2.75 (s, 1H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.51 (m, 3H), 1.37-1.33 (m 1H); HRMS (EI) calcd for C₃₉H₄₅N₈O₉S₃ 865.2472, found 865.2484.

A solution of EX-2A (281.3 mg, 0.3252 mmol) in 3.0 mL trifluoroacetic acid (0.1 M) was added thioanisole (0.115 mL, 0.9796 mmol) at room temperature with stirring. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir 6 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by trituration from ethyl ether. A light yellow powder was collected by filtration, washed with ethyl ether to give pure product 2: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ9.07 (s,1H), 8.82 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=3.0Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.20 (m, 10H ), 5.49-5.48 (m, 1H), 4.97 (s, 2H), 4.63-4.51 (m, 2H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 3.13 (br d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 1.91 (br s, 1H), 1.67-1.58 (m, 4H); LRMS (EI), (MH+) 653.2.

Using, the procedures exemplified in Examples 1 and 2 and the attached Scheme 1, the following compounds can be prepared.

Example 3

Following Steps A and B exemplified in Example 1 and replacing benzyl bromide with 3-(N-Boc-amino)benzyl bromide (Murakami, Y.; Hagishita, S.; Okada, T.; Kii, M.; Hashizume, H.; Yagami, T.; Fujimoto, M.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 1999, 7, 1703-1714.), alkylated intermediate, methyl 3-[1-[3-(N-Boc-amino)benzyl]-5amino 2,4-dioxopyrimidinyl]acetate (EX-3A) can be prepared.

To a solution of 1 eq. of ester EX-3A and 1 eq. of cyclobutanone in tetrahydrofuran is added 1 eq. of sodium cyanoborohydride, and the mixture is stirred for several hours. The solvent is evaporated off to afford the crude product. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified methyl 2-[3-[3-(N-Boc-amino)benzyl]-5-(N-cyclobutyl)-amino2,4-dioxopyrimidinyl]]-acetate (EX-3B).

Following the remaining procedure exemplified in Example 1, the indicated compound of Example 3 can be obtained.

Example 4

A solution of 1 eq. of the appropriate amide and 1 eq. of 3-nitropnenylisocyanate in DMF is heated to 100° C. for several hours. The solvent is evaporated off to afford the crude product. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified product 1-[3-Nitrophenyl]-5-nitro-2,4-dioxopyrimidine (EX-4A)

A solution of 1 eq. of uracil EX-4A in dimethylsulfoxide is added to 1.1 eq. of potassium dicarbonate in one portion with stirring. After approximately 10 minutes a solution containing 1.1 eq. of methyl bromoacetate in dimethylsulfoxide is added dropwise over a 10 minute period. The reaction mixture is heated to 40° C. and allowed to stir for 18 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with water. The aqueous solution is extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic solution is washed with water and brine. The organic solution is dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give a crude product. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified methyl 2-[3-[1-[3-nitrophenyl]-5-nitro-2,4-dioxopyrimidinyl]]acetate. (EX-4B).

A suspension of methyl ester EX-4B in tetrahydrofuran and methanol is added excess lithium hydroxide in water. The reaction is stirred for 1 hour, and the volatiles are removed under reduced pressure. The remaining aqueous solution is cooled in an ice bath and acidified to a pH of 1 with 1.0 N HCl which results in a white precipitate forming. The precipitate is collected by filtration, washed with 1.0 N HCl and water, and dried under vacuum to give pure acid, 2-[3-[1-[3-nitrophenyl]-5-nitro-2,4-dioxopyrimidinyl]](EX-4C).

A solution of acid EX-4C in dimethylformamide (0.1 M) is added to 5 eq N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 1 eq N-hydroxybenzotriazole mmol), and 1 eq 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride. The resulting mixture is allowed to stir for 30 minutes. To the reaction mixture is then added 1 eq. of 4-(N-Boc-amidino)benzylamine in one portion. The resulting mixture is allowed to stir over night. The reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with 5% citric acid, saturated NaHCO₃, and brine. The organic solution is dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. Purification by MPLC pure, N-[4-(N-Boc-amidinobenzyl)]-2-[3-[1-[3-nitrophenyl]-5-nitro-2,4-dioxopyrimidinyl]]acetamide (EX-4D).

A solution of bis-nitro compound EX-4D in methanol is treated with 5 molar percent of 10% Pd/C under an atmosphere of hydrogen (balloon pressure). The suspension is allowed to stir over night. Filtration through Celite 545 followed by removal of the solvent affords pure, N-[4-(N-Boc-amidinobenzyl)]-2-[3-[1-[3-aminophenyl]-5-amino-2,4 -dioxopyrimidinyl]]acetamide (EX-4E).

A solution of bis-amine EX-4E and 1 eq. of cyclobutanone in tetrahydrofuran is treated with 1 eq of sodium cyanoborohydride followed by a catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture is allowed to stir at room temperature for several hour. The reaction is quenched with the cautious addition of water. The aqueous solution is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic solutions are washed with water and brine. The organic solution is dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated. Purifaction by MPLC affords pure, N-[4-(N-Boc-amidinobenzyl)]-2-[3-[1-[3-aminophenyl]-5-(N-cyclobutyl-amino)-2,4-dioxopyrimidinyl]]acetamide (EX-4F).

A solution of N-Boc amidine EX-4F in methanol is treated with 3 eq of 4 M HCl in dioxane. The solution is stirred for five hours. Removal of the solvents under vacuum followed by trituration with ethyl ether affords pure product.

A wide variety of methylene analogs of pyrimidinediones wherein a methylene is present as a replacement for the carbonyl of the acetamide at the N-2 position of the pyrimidinedione can be prepared using the procedure detailed below.

Example 5

EX-5A) A solution of 1 eq. of phenyl isocyanate and 1 eq. of 3-ethoxy-2-nitro-propenamide in DMF is heated to 100° C. for several hours. The solvent is evaporated off to afford the crude product. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified product EX-5A.

EX-5B) To a solution of 1 eq. of EX-5A in dimethylsulfoxide is added to 1.1 eq. of potassium dicarbonate in one portion with stirring. After approximately 10 minutes, a solution containing 1.1 eq. of methyl bromoacetate in dimethylsulfoxide is added dropwise over a 10 minute period. The reaction mixture is heated to 40° C. and allowed to stir for 18 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with water. The aqueous solution is extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic solution is washed with water and brine. The organic solution is dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give a crude product. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified product methyl 2-[3-[5-nitro-2,4-dixoxo-1-phenylpyrimidyl]]acetate (EX-5B).

EX-5C) Diisobutylaluminum hydride (1.05 equiv.) is added over a period of 15 min to a cooled solution −78° C. of 1 eq. of EX-5B in tetrahydrofuran. After stirring for 1 h at −78° C., the reaction is slowly quenched at −78° C. with cold methanol. The mixture is slowly poured into ice-cold 1N HCl, and the aqueous mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers are washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄, filtered, and the solvents are removed under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by column chromatography to afford purified aldehyde product EX-5C.

EX-5D) A suspension of 1.0 eq. of the aldehyde, 2-[3-[5-nitro-2,4 dixoxo-1-phenylpyrimidyl]]ethanal (EX-5C) and 1.0 eq. of the amine, 4-(N-Boc-amidino)amino)benzylamine in dichloromethane, and catalytic acetic acid 1.2 eq. of sodium triacetoxyborohydride. The suspension quickly clears and becomes homogeneous. The reaction is stirred for several hours. The solution is cooled in an ice bath and is made alkaline with 1.0 N NaOH. The reaction mixture is diluted with dichloromethane and washed with brine. The organic solution is dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified product 2-[3-2-[2-[2-(4-(N-Boc-amidino)benzyl)amino]ethyl -5-nitro-2,4dioxo-1-phenylpyrimidine (EX-5D):

EX-5E) A solution of 1 eq. of EX-5D in methanol is degassed with hydrogen gas. To the solution is added a catalytic amount of 5% Pd/C. and the reaction mixture is allowed to stir under an atmosphere of hydrogen at room temperature for 24 hours. The crude reaction is filtered through a pad of Celite 545 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified product amine, 2-[3-2-[2-[2-(4-(N-Boc-amidino)benzyl)amidino)benzyl)amino]ethyl-5-amino-2,4-dioxo-1-phenylpyrimidine (EX-5E).

EX-5F) To a suspension of 1.0 eq. of EX-5E and 1.0 eq. of the phenylacetaldehyde in dichloromethane and catalytic acetic acid is added 1.2 eq. of sodium triacetoxyborohydride. The suspension quickly clears and becomes homogeneous. The reaction is stirred for several hours. The solution is cooled in an ice bath and basified with 1.0 N NaOH. The reaction mixture is diluted with dichloromethane and washed with brine. The organic solution is dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatography to afford purified 2-[3-2-[2-[2-(4-(N-Boc-amidino)benzyl)amidino)benzyl)amino]ethyl-5(N-(2-phenylethyl)amino)-2,4dioxo-1-phenylpyrimidine (EX-5F).

To a flask of 1 eq. of EX-5F is added 4 M HCl in dioxane. The resulting solution is allowed to stir overnight. The solution is concentrated and the crude product is triturated from ethyl ether to afford purified product as the dihydrochloride salt.

Sulfonyl analogs of pyrimidinediones wherein a sulfonyl is present as a replacement for the carbonyl of the acetamide at the N-2 position of the pyrimidinedione can be prepared as detailed below in the specific Example 6.

Example 6

EX-6A) A solution of 1 eq. of EX-5A in dimethylsulfoxide is added to 1.1 eq. of potassium dicarbonate in one portion with stirring. After approximately 10 minutes, a solution containing 1.1 eq. of sodium bromomethylsulfonate in dimethylsulfoxide is added dropwise over a 10 minute period. The reaction mixture is heated to 40° C. and allowed to stir for 18 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with water. The aqueous solution is extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic solutions are washed with water and brine. The organic solution is dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give a crude product. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified product, 3-[5-nitro-2,4dixoxo-1-phenylpyrimidyl]methanesulfonic acid (EX-6A).

EX-6B) A solution of 1 eq. of EX-6A in methanol is degassed with hydrogen gas. To the solution is added a catalytic amount of 5% Pd/C, and the reaction mixture is allowed to stir under an atmosphere of hydrogen at room temperature for 24 hours. The crude reaction is filtered through a pad of Celite 545 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified product, 3-[5-amino-2,4dixoxo-1-phenylpyrimidyl]methanesulfonic acid (EX-6B).

EX-6C) To a suspension of 1.0 eq. of EX-6B and 1.0 eq. of the phenylacetaldehyde in dichloromethane and catalytic acetic acid is added 1.2 eq. of sodium triacetoxyborohydride. The reaction is stirred for several hours. The solution is cooled in an ice bath and basified with 1.0 N NaOH. The reaction mixture is diluted with dichloromethane and washed with brine. The organic solution is dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product is purified by silica gel chromatagraphy to afford purified product, 3-[5-[N-(2-phenylethyl)amino]-2,4dixoxo-1-phenylpyrimidyl]methanesulfonic acid (EX-6C).

EX-6D) A solution of 1 eq. of EX-6C in dichloromethane with several drops of dimethylformamide is cooled to 0° C. Thionyl chloride (1.1 equiv.) is added dropwise, and the solution is slowly warmed to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the volatile components are removed under reduced pressure, and the sulfonyl chloride product is immediately used. The sulfonyl chloride is dissolved into dichloromethane, and 1 eq. of the appropriate amine, 4 -(N-Boc-amidino)benzylamine, in DMF is added with 5 eq. of N-methylmorpholine to the sulfonyl chloride solution. After completion of the reaction, polyaldehyde and/or polyamine resin (10 equiv.) are added to remove any unreacted starting materials. The resins are filtered, rinsed with DMF/DCM (1:1), and the solvents are removed under reduced pressure to give pure N-[4(N-Boc-amidino)benzy]-3-[5-[N-(2-phenylethyl)amino]-2,4dixoxo-1-phenylpyrimidyl]methanesulfonamide (EX-6D).

A flask of 1 eq. of EX-6D is added to 4 M HCl in dioxane. The resulting solution is allowed to stir overnight. The solution is concentrated and the crude product was triturated from ethyl ether to afford purified product of Example 6.

Triazinedione (aza analogs) of uracils (i.e.,pyrimidinones) wherein a nitrogen is present as a replacement for the carbon at the 5-position of the pyrimidinedione can be prepared as detailed below with the specific Example 7.

Example 7

EX-7A) A mixture of aniline (1; 50 mmol), concentrated HCl (10 mL), and water (50 mL) is cooled to 5° C. Separately, a solution of sodium nitrite (50 mmol) in water (7.2 mL) is cooled to 5° C. and added to the aniline hydrochloride slurry with the addition tube beneath the liquid surface. The temperature is maintained at 5° C. during the addition and for 1 thereafter. This solution of diazotized aniline (EX-7A) is used in the next step.

EX-7B) A mixture of cyanoacetylurethane (59 mmol), pyridine (656 mL), ice (216 g) and water (40 mL) is held at 5° C. while the slurry of EX-67A is added over 15 min with stirring. After an additional hour of stirring at 5° C., the orange solid, N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-cyano-2-(N-phenylhydrazo)acetamide (EX-7B is isolated by filtration.

EX-7C) A mixture of EX-7B (95 mmol), sodium acetate (110 mmol) and acetic acid (140 mL) is refluxed for 75 min. The resulting clear solution is concentrated at reduced pressure, and the solid that separates is removed by filtration and washed with water. Compound, 6-cyano-2-phenyl-3,5dioxo- 1,2,4-triazine (EX-7C), is recrystallized from 95% ethanol.

EX-7D) A mixture of compound EX-7C (50 mmol), 6 N HCl (190 mL) and dioxane (500 mL) is refluxed for 12 h. On cooling the crystallized product, 6-(2-phenyl-3,5dioxo-1,2,4triazinyl)carboxylic acid (EX-7D) is separated by filtration and recrystallized from methanol-water.

EX-7E) The acid EX-7D (8.4 mmol) is dissolved in dry tert-butyl alcohol (127 mL) and DPPA (9.3 mmol), and triethyl amine (9.3 mmol) is added. The solution is refluxed for 24 h thereafter. At this time the solution is concentrated in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in methylene chloride (150 mL) and washed with 0.5 N citric acid (150 mL), 1 N NaHCO₃ (150 mL) and water (150 mL). The methylene chloride solution is then dried (sodium sulfate). Filtration and concentration gives the Boc-protected compound EX-7E. This material can be purified by chromatography if necessary.

EX-7F) A solution of compound EX-7E (50 mmol) in DMF (150 mL) is treated with potassium carbonate (55 mmol) in one portion with stirring. After approximately 10 min, a solution of methyl bromoacetate (50 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) is added dropwise. The reaction mixture is heated to 40° C. and allowed to stir for 18 h. Typical aqueous workup and chromatographic purification provides pure methyl 2-(2-phenyl-3,5dioxo-6-(N-Boc-amino)-1,2,4-triazinyl)acetate (EX-7F).

EX-7G) A solution of compound EX-7F (50 mmol) is dissolved in methylene chloride (400 mL) and is treated with TFA (100 mL). The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 4 h thereafter. Concentration and trituration with ether affords TFA salt of methyl 2-(2-phenyl-3,5-dioxo-6amino-1,2,4-triazinyl) acetate (EX-7G).

EX-7H) A solution of compound EX-7G in tetrahydrofuran and methylene chloride (1:1, 0.3 M) is treated with 1 eq. of phenylacetaldehyde and 0.9 eq. of triethyl amine. The solution will be cooled to 0° C. and treated with 1 eq. of sodium triacetoxyborohydride. After stirring for 5 minutes, the ice bath is removed, and the reaction mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature and stir there for 2 h. The reaction is quenched by the addition of 1 N NaOH, and the mixture is stirred for 5 min. Typical aqueous workup is followed by chromatographic purification to provide pure product, methyl 2-(2-phenyl-3,5-dioxo-6(N-(2-phenylethyl)amino)- 1,2,4triazinyl)acetate (EX-7H).

EX-7I) A solution of compound EX-7H (50 mmol) in THF (250 ml) is treated with LiOH (50 mmol). After the hydrolysis is complete, the volatiles are removed under reduced pressure. The remaining aqueous solution is cooled in an ice bath and acidified to pH 1 with 1.0 N HCl. The aqueous mixture is extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc solution is dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated to afford pure 2-(2-phenyl-3,5dioxo6-(N-(2-phenylethyl)amino)-1,2,4-triazinyl)acetic acid EX-7I).

EX-7J) A solution of compound EX-7I (50 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) is treated with N-hydroxybenzotriazole (60 mmol) and EDC hydrochloride (60 mmol). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30 min and treated with 4-(N-Cbz-amidinobenxylamine (50 mmol). The resulting mixture is allowed to stir overnight. Typical aqueous workup is followed by chromatographic purification to afford pure product, N-(4-Cbz-amidinobenzyl)-2-(2-phenyl-3,5-dioxo-6(N-(2-phenylethyl)amino)-1,2,4triazinyl)acetamide (EX-7J).

A solution of compound EX-7J (50 mmol) in methanol (300 mL) and 4M HCl-dioxane (100 mL) is degassed with hydrogen. 5% Pd(C) (0.5 g) is added, and the solution is stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen at room temp for 24 h. The reaction mixture is filtered through a pad of celite 545 and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by reverse phase chromatography affords pure product of Example 7.

Using these methods and ordinary skill in the art of synthetic numerous novel compounds of the present invention have been or can be prepared.

Formula (I) compounds of this invention possessing hydroxyl, thiol, and amine functional groups can be converted to a wide variety derivatives. Alternatively, derivatized Formula (I) compounds can be obtained by first derivatizing one or more intermediates in the processes of preparation before further transforming the derivatized intermediate to compounds of Formula (I). A hydroxyl group in the form of an alcohol or phenol can be readily converted to esters of carboxylic, sulfonic, carbamic, phosphonic, and phosphoric acids. Acylation to form a carboxylic acid ester is readily effected using a suitable acylating reagent such as an aliphatic acid anhydride or acid chloride. The corresponding aryl and heteroaryl acid anhydrides and acid chlorides can also be used. Such reactions are generally carried out using an amine catalyst such as pyridine in an inert solvent. Similarly, carbamic acid esters (urethanes) can be obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group with isocyanates and carbamoyl chlorides. Sulfonate, phosphonate, and phosphate esters can be prepared using the corresponding acid chloride and similar reagents. Compounds of Formula (I) that have at least one thiol group present can be converted to the corresponding thioesters derivatives analogous to those of alcohols and phenols using the same reagents and comparable reaction conditions. Compounds of Formula (I) that have at least one primary or secondary amine group present can be converted to the corresponding amide derivatives. Amides of carboxylic acids can be prepared using the appropriate acid chloride or anhydrides with reaction conditions analogous to those used with alcohols and phenols. Ureas of the corresponding primary or secondary amine can be prepared using isocyanates directly and carbamoyl chlorides in the presence of an acid scavenger such as triethylamine or pyridine. Sulfonamides can be prepared from the corresponding sulfonyl chloride in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide or a tertiary amine. Suitable procedures and methods for preparing these derivatives can be found in House's Modern Synthetic Reactions, W. A. Benjamin, Inc., Shriner, Fuson, and Curtin in The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, and Fieser and Fieser in Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volume 1, John Wiley & Sons. Reagents of a wide variety that can be used to derivative hydroxyl, thiol, and amines of compounds of Formula (I) are available from commercial sources or the references cited above, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Formula (I) compounds of this invention possessing hydroxyl, thiol, and amine functional groups can be alkylated to a wide variety of derivatives. Alternatively, alkylated Formula (I) compounds can be obtained by first alkylating one or more intermediates in the processes of preparation before further transforming the alkylated intermediate to comounds of Formula (I). A hydroxyl group of compounds of Formula (I) can be readily converted to ethers. Alkylation to form an ether is readily effected using a suitable alkylating reagent such as an alkyl bromide, alkyl iodide or alkyl sulfonate. The corresponding aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aralkyloxyalkyl, and heteroaralkyloxyalkyl bromides, iodides, and sulfonates can also be used. Such reactions are generally carried out using an alkoxide forming reagent such as sodium hydride, potassium t-butoxide, sodium amide, lithium amide, and n-butyl lithium using an inert polar solvent such as DMF, DMSO, THF, and similar, comparable solvents amine catalyst such as pyridine in an inert solvent. Compounds of Formula (I) that have at least one thiol group present can be converted to the corresponding thioether derivatives analogous to those of alcohols and phenols using the same reagents and comparable reaction conditions. Compounds of Formula (I) that have at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine group present can be converted to the corresponding secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium derivative. Quaternary ammonium derivatives can be prepared using the appropriate bromides, iodides, and sulfonates analogous to those used with alcohols and phenols. Conditions involve reaction of the amine by warming it with the alkylating reagent with a stoichiometric amount of the amine (i.e., one equivalent with a tertiary amine, two with a secondary, and three with a primary). With primary and secondary amines, two and one equivalents, respectively, of an acid scavenger are used concurrently. Secondary or tertiary amines can be prepared from the corresponding primary or secondary amine. A primary amine can be dialkylated by reductive amination using an aldehyde, such as formaldehyde, and sodium cyanoborohydride in the presence of glacial acetic acid. A primary amine can be monoalkylated by first mono-protecting the amine with a ready cleaved protecting group, such as trifluoroacetyl. An alkylating agent, such as dimethylsulfate, in the presence of a non-nucleophilic base, such as Barton's base (2-tert-butyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine), gives the monomethylated protected amine. Removal of the protecting group using aqueous potassium hydroxide gives the desired monoalkylated amine. Additional suitable procedures and methods for preparing these derivatives can be found in House's Modern Synthetic Reactions, W. A. Benjamin, Inc., Shriner, Fuson, and Curtin in The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, and Fieser and Fieser in Reagents for Organic Synthesis published by John Wiley & Sons. Perfluoroalkyl derivatives can be prepared as described by DesMarteau in J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 2241 (1998). Reagents of a wide variety that can be used to derivatize hydroxyl, thiol, and amines of compounds of Formula (I) are available from commercial sources or the references cited above, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Assays for Biological Activity TF-VIIa Assay

In this assay 100 nM recombinant soluble tissue factor and 2nM recombinant human factor VIIa are added to a 96-well assay plate containing 0.4 mM of the substrate, N-Methylsulfonyl-D-phe-gly-arg-p-nitroaniline and either inhibitor or buffer (5 mM CaCl₂, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1% BSA). The reaction, in a final volume of 100 ul is measured immediately at 405 nm to determine background absorbance. The plate is incubated at room temperature for 60 min, at which time the rate of hydrolysis of the substrate is measured by monitoring the reaction at 405 nm for the release of p-nitroaniline. Percent inhibition of TF-VIIa activity is calculated from OD_(405nm) value from the experimental and control sample.

Xa Assay

0.3 nM human factor Xa and 0.15 mM N-α-Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-arginyl-L-glycyl -L-arginine-p-nitroaniline-dihydrochloride (S-2765) are added to a 96-well assay plate containing either inhibitor or buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1% BSA). The reaction, in a final volume of 100 ul is measured immediately at 405 nm to determine background absorbance. The plate is incubated at room temperature for 60 min, at which time the rate of hydrolysis of the substrate is measured by monitoring the reaction at 405 nm for the release of p-nitroaniline. Percent inhibition of Xa activity is calculated from OD₄₀₅ nm value from the experimental and control sample.

Thrombin Assay

0.28 nM human thrombin and 0.06 mM H-D-Phenylalanyl-L-pipecolyl-L-arginine-p-nitroaniline dihydrochloride are added to a 96-well assay plate containing either inhibitor or buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl. 0. 1% BSA). The reaction, in a final volume of 100 ul is measured immediately at 405 nm to determine background absorbance. The plate is incubated at room temperature for 60 min, at which time the rate of hydrolysis of the substrate is measured by monitoring the reaction at 405 am for the release of p-nitroaniline. Percent inhibition of thrombin activity is calculated from OD₄₀₅ nm value from the experimental and control sample.

Trypsin Assay

5 ug/ml trypsin, type IX from porcine pancreas and 0.375 mM N-α-Benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (L-BAPNA) are added to a 96well assay plate containing either inhibitor or buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1% BSA). The reactions, in a final volume of 100 ul are measured immediately at 405 nm to determine background absorbance. The plate is incubated at room temperature for 60 min, at which time the rate of hydrolysis of the substrate is measured by monitoring the reaction at 405 nm for the release of p-nitroaniline. Percent inhibition of trypsin activity is calculated from OD₄₀₅ m value from the experimental and control sample.

Recombinant soluble TF, consisting of amino acids 1-219 of the mature protein sequence was expressed in E. coli and purified using a Mono Q Sepharose FPLC. Recombinant human VIIa was purchased from American Diagnostica, Greenwich Conn. and chromogenic substrate N-Methylsulfonyl-D-phe-gly-arg-p-nitroaniline was prepared by American Peptide Company, Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif. Factor Xa was obtained from Enzyme Research Laboratories, South Bend Ind., thrombin from Calbiochem, La Jolla, Calif., and trypsin and L-BAPNA from Sigma, St. Louis Mo. The chromogenic substrates S-2765 and S-2238 were purchased from Chromogenix, Sweden.

The biological activity of the compounds of Examples 1 through 7 as determined by the bioassay procedures is summarized in the Table 1. Table 1. Inhibitory Activity of Uracils toward Factor Xa, TF-VIIA, Thrombin II, and Trypsin II.

TABLE 1 Inhibitory Activity of Uracils toward Factor Xa, TF-VIIA, Thrombin II, and Trypsin II. Example TF-VIIA Thrombin II Factor Xa Trpysin II Number IC50 (uM) IC50 (uM) IC50 (uM) IC50 (uM) 1 >100 13.0 25.6 0.4 2 12.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein; B is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, oxalan-2-yl, 2-(2 R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl, 1,1-dioxothiolan-3-yl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, and1-piperidinyl; A is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH₂, CH₂CH₂ and CH₂CH₂CH₂; M is R¹—C; R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, fluoro, and chloro; R² is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 2-hydroxyhenyl, phenyl, 5-amino-2-thienyl, and 3-thienyl; Y⁰ is selected from the group consisting of 5-amidino-2-thienylmethyl, 4-amidinobenzyl, 2-fluoro-4-amidinobenzyl, and 3-fluoro-4-aminobenzyl.
 2. The compound as recited in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of the Formula: 